Chinese guidelines for treatment of adult primary immune thrombocytopenia.

Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a bleeding disorder commonly encountered in clinical practice. The International Working Group (IWG) on ITP has published several landmark papers on terminology, definitions, outcome criteria, bleeding assessment, diagnosis, and management of ITP. The Chinese consensus reports for diagnosis and management of adult ITP have been updated to the 4th edition. Based on current consensus positions and new emerging clinical evidence, the thrombosis and hemostasis group of the Chinese Society of Hematology issued Chinese guidelines for management of adult ITP, which aim to provide evidence-based recommendations for clinical decision making.

[Preliminary study on identification of oil products using laser-Raman fingerprint spectrum].

Laser-Raman spectroscopy technology was used for measuring and analyzing properties of oil products. Through comparing with the Raman shifts and relative Raman intensity ratios of the main fingerprint peaks, different kinds of oil products were identified successfully. Furthermore, the Raman spectra of the same type of petroleum products obtained from different private gas stations were measured and the petroleum qualities were detected. The favorable results were obtained in both oil identification and quality test. The present work provides a feasible method for quick, sensitive and nondestructive identification of oil products.

Biodegradation of crude oil using an efficient microbial consortium in a simulated marine environment.

Ochrobactrum sp. N1, Brevibacillus parabrevis N2, B. parabrevis N3 and B. parabrevis N4 were selected when preparing a mixed bacterial consortium based on the efficiency of crude oil utilization. A crude oil degradation rate of the N-series microbial consortium reached upwards of 79% at a temperature of 25 °C in a 3.0% NaCl solution in the shake flask trial. In the mesocosm experiment, a specially designed device was used to simulate the marine environment. The internal tank size was 1.5 m (L)×0.8 m (W)×0.7 m (H). The microbial growth conditions, nutrient utilization and environmental factors were thoroughly investigated. Over 51.1% of the crude oil was effectively removed from the simulated water body. The escalation process (from flask trials to the mesocosm experiment), which sought to represent removal under conditions more similar to the field, proved the high efficiency of using N-series bacteria in crude oil degradation.

[The study of fluorescence spectrum using ultraviolet-laser for several typical oil pollutants].

In order to realize the fast and non-contact detection of oil pollution in costal zone, the ultraviolet laser was used as the exciting source, a system used for oil pollution based on laser-induced-fluorescence (LIF) technology was established. The fluorescence spectra of several oil samples were measured through this system. The measurement results show that there are obvious differences among the fluorescence spectra of these samples, which can be used as a reference for oil pollution classification and recognition.

Environmental geochemistry reflected by rare earth elements in Bohai Bay (North China) core sediments.

In Bohai Bay sediment, two cores were collected to estimate the source of sediments, and assess the environmental changes. Sequential extractions were carried out in this study. Rare earth elements (REE) were leached out from four labile fractions: Exchangeable (L1), Bound to carbonates (L2), Bound to Fe-Mn oxides (L3), Bound to organic matter (L4), and the remainder was Residual (R5). The percentages of REE in different fractions follow the order: R5 > L3 > L2 > L4 > L1. With heavy REE depletion and no pronounced REE fractionation, NASC-normalized REE patterns of Bohai Bay sediments are quite consistent with that of Haihe River sediment, which is the key river of Bohai Bay. Y/Ho ratios of total contents are all much lower than the average value of continental crust, while Y/Ho ratios of L2 are higher than those of other fractions. Based on the patterns of REE and Y/Ho ratios of samples, sediments of Bohai Bay mainly come from terrigenous matters, which are mainly brought by Haihe River. And REE combined with carbonates may be partly inherited from anthropogenic matter. Moreover, environmental changes exert significant influences on the patterns and fractionations of REE, and they can be deduced from the characteristics of REE. Our results on the patterns and burial fluxes of REE reflect two environmental changes: Bohai Bay has been shifting towards more reducing conditions in the last one hundred years, and there was a large flood in 1939.

[Classification of oils by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry combined with pattern recognition techniques].

In the present work, the combination of attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (ATR-FTIR) and pattern recognition, including principal components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), is used as a fast and convenient analytical tool to classify oil samples. Twenty five samples including crude oils and fuel oils with different total contents of n-alkanes were analyzed. It was found that multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and continuous wavelet transform (CWT) as a pretreatment method could improve the classification results of pattern recognition. The classification results were proved to be in agreement with the origin of the oil samples. The oils with high content of n-alkanes and those with low content were classified clearly by this developed method, but it still had some constraint to differentiating oils with little difference. The present work provides a feasible method for quick classification of oils, which can be used for the initial identification of spill oils and afford useful information for the further identification of the oils.