Investigation of super-resolution in microsphere-assisted microscopy with the Poynting vector of the dipole model.

In this paper, the Fourier spectrum of an image in microsphere-assisted microscopy (MAM) and the wavenumber decomposition of the Poynting vector of the dipole model are compared for the first time to study the super-resolution performance within several wavelengths in MAM. Firstly, an experiment using microsphere-assisted microscopy is performed, and the fast Fourier transformation (FFT) spectra of the images along the distance are studied. Then the Poynting vector in the point dipole field is theoretically investigated based on the spectral decomposition of dyadic Green's function. Our study finds that the result of decomposition of the Poynting vector corresponds with the propagation results of components with different transverse wavenumbers kρ in an experiment. Even when kρ reaches 1.7k0, the waves can still arrive outside one wavelength. Our work is the first effort (to our knowledge) to associate the Fourier spectrum and the decomposition of the Poynting vector together, and it may contribute to the quantitative exploration of super-resolution performance in MAM in the future.

Local treatment benefits patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of local treatment (LT), including radiotherapy (RT) and cytoreductive prostatectomy (CRP), in improving outcomes for patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer (OmPCa). METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of articles from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science published between 2010 and November 2023 were conducted. The study included 11 articles, comprising three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and eight retrospective analyses. The study assessed overall survival (OS), radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) PFS, cancer-specific survival (CSS), and complication rate (CR). RESULTS: OS was significantly improved in the LT group, with both RCTs and non-RCTs showing statistical significance [hazard ratios (HR) = 0.64; 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), 0.51-0.80; p < 0.0001; HR = 0.55; 95% CIs, 0.40-0.77; p = 0.0004]. For rPFS, RCTs did not show statistically significant outcomes (HR = 0.60; 95% CIs, 0.34-1.07; p = 0.09), whereas non-RCTs demonstrated significant results (HR = 0.42; 95% CIs, 0.24-0.72; p = 0.002). Both RCTs and non-RCTs showed a significant improvement in PSA-PFS (HR = 0.44; 95%CI, 0.29-0.67; p = 0.0001; HR = 0.51; 95% CIs, 0.32-0.81; p = 0.004). For CSS, RCTs demonstrated statistical differences (HR = 0.65; 95% CIs, 0.47-0.90; p = 0.009), whereas non-RCTs did not (HR = 0.61; 95% CIs, 0.29-1.27; p = 0.19). Regarding CR, the risk difference was -0.22 (95% CIs, -0.32 to -0.12; p < 0.00001). CONCLUSION: LT significantly improved OS and PFS in patients with OmPCa. Further RCTs are necessary to confirm these results.

A Simple and Efficient Magnesium Hydroxide Modification Strategy for Flame-Retardancy Epoxy Resin.

Magnesium hydroxide, as a green inorganic flame-retardancy additive, has been widely used in polymer flame retardancy. However, magnesium hydroxide is difficult to disperse with epoxy resin (EP), and its flame-retardancy performance is poor, so it is difficult to use in flame-retardant epoxy resin. In this study, an efficient magnesium hydroxide-based flame retardant (MH@PPAC) was prepared by surface modification of 2-(diphenyl phosphine) benzoic acid (PPAC) using a simple method. The effect of MH@PPAC on the flame-retardancy properties for epoxy resins was investigated, and the flame-retardancy mechanism was studied. The results show that 5 wt% MH@PPAC can increase the limiting oxygen index for EP from 24.1% to 38.9%, achieving a V-0 rating. At the same time, compared to EP, the peak heat release rate, peak smoke production rate, total smoke production rate, and peak CO generation rate for EP/5 wt% MH@PPAC composite material decreased by 53%, 45%, 51.85%, and 53.13% respectively. The cooperative effect for PPAC and MH promotes the formation of a continuous and dense char layer during the combustion process for the EP-blend material, significantly reducing the exchange for heat and combustible gases, and effectively hindering the combustion process. Additionally, the surface modification of PPAC enhances the dispersion of MH in the EP matrix, endowing EP with superior mechanical properties that meet practical application requirements, thereby expanding the application scope for flame-retardant EP-blend materials.

The value of IL-6, PCT, qSOFA, NEWS, and SIRS to predict septic shock after Percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

BACKGROUND: There are numerous methods available for predicting sepsis following Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy. This study aims to compare the predictive value of Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA), Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SISR), National Early Warning Score (NEWS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and procalcitonin (PCT) for septicemia. METHODS: Patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy were included in the study and divided into a control group and a septic shock group. The effectiveness of qSOFA, SIRS, NEWS, Interleukin-6, and Procalcitonin was assessed, with Receiver Operating Characteristic curves and Area Under the Curve used to compare the predictive accuracy of these four indicators. RESULTS: Among the 401 patients, 16 cases (3.99%) developed septic shock. Females, elderly individuals, and patients with positive urine culture and positive nitrite in urine were found to be more susceptible to septic shock. PCT, IL-6, SIRS, NEWS, qSOFA, and surgical time were identified as independent risk factors for septic shock. The cutoff values are as follows: qSOFA score > 0.50, SIRS score > 2.50, NEWS score > 2.50, and IL-6 > 264.00 pg/ml. Among the 29 patients identified by IL-6 as having sepsis, 16 were confirmed to have developed sepsis. The qSOFA identified 63 septicemia cases, with 16 confirmed to have developed septicemia; NEWS identified 122 septicemia cases, of which 14 cases actually developed septicemia; SIRS identified 128 septicemia patients, with 16 confirmed to have developed septicemia. In terms of predictive ability, IL-6 (AUC 0.993, 95% CI 0.985 ~ 1) demonstrated a higher predictive accuracy compared to qSOFA (AUC 0.952, 95% CI 0.928 ~ 0.977), NEWS (AUC 0.824, 95% CI 0.720 ~ 0.929) and SIRS (AUC 0.928, 95% CI 0.888 ~ 0.969). CONCLUSIONS: IL-6 has higher accuracy in predicting septic shock after PCNL compared to qSOFA, SIRS, and NEWS.

Serine protease inhibitor, SerpinA3n, regulates cardiac remodelling after myocardial infarction.

AIMS: Following myocardial infarction (MI), the heart repairs itself via a fibrotic repair response. The degree of fibrosis is determined by the balance between deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) by activated fibroblasts and breakdown of nascent scar tissue by proteases that are secreted predominantly by inflammatory cells. Excessive proteolytic activity and matrix turnover has been observed in human heart failure, and protease inhibitors in the injured heart regulate matrix breakdown. Serine protease inhibitors (Serpins) represent the largest and the most functionally diverse family of evolutionary conserved protease inhibitors, and levels of the specific Serpin, SerpinA3, have been strongly associated with clinical outcomes in human MI as well as non-ischaemic cardiomyopathies. Yet, the role of Serpins in regulating cardiac remodelling is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to understand the role of Serpins in regulating scar formation after MI. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using a SerpinA3n conditional knockout mice model, we observed the robust expression of Serpins in the infarcted murine heart and demonstrate that genetic deletion of SerpinA3n (mouse homologue of SerpinA3) leads to increased activity of substrate proteases, poorly compacted matrix, and significantly worse post-infarct cardiac function. Single-cell transcriptomics complemented with histology in SerpinA3n-deficient animals demonstrated increased inflammation, adverse myocyte hypertrophy, and expression of pro-hypertrophic genes. Proteomic analysis of scar tissue demonstrated decreased cross-linking of ECM peptides consistent with increased proteolysis in SerpinA3n-deficient animals. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates a hitherto unappreciated causal role of Serpins in regulating matrix function and post-infarct cardiac remodelling.

Organic photoelectrochemical transistor based on cascaded DNA network structure modulated ZnIn2S4/MXene Schottky junction for sensitive ATP detection.

Organic photoelectrochemical transistor (OPECT) biosensor is now appearing in perspective of public, which characterized by amplified the grating electrode potential by ion transport. In this study, the DNA network formed by the hybridization chain reaction (HCR) detects the target adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by adjusting the surface potential of the new heterojunction of ZnIn2S4/MXene. The formation of DNA network amplifies the detection signal of ATP. Significantly, OPECT biosensor could further amplify the signal, which calculated the gain achieved 103, which is consistent with the gain signal of the previously reported OPECT biosensor. Furthermore, the OPECT biosensor achieved a highly sensitivity detection of the target ATP, which the linear detection range is 0.03 pM-30 nM, and the detection limit is 0.03 pM, and illustrated a high selectivity to ATP. The proposed OPECT biosensor achieved signal amplification by adjusting the surface potential of ZnIn2S4/MXene through cascade DNA network, which provides a new direction for the detection of biomolecules.

Pannexin 1 targets mitophagy to mediate renal ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury contributes to the development of acute kidney injury (AKI). Kidney is the second organ rich in mitochondrial content next to the heart. Mitochondrial damage substantially contributes for AKI development. Mitophagy eliminates damaged mitochondria from the cells to maintain a healthy mitochondrial population, which plays an important role in AKI. Pannexin 1 (PANX1) channel transmembrane proteins are known to drive inflammation and release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during I/R injury. However, the specific role of PANX1 on mitophagy regulation in renal I/R injury remains elusive. In this study, we find that serum level of PANX1 is elevated in patients who developed AKI after cardiac surgery, and the level of PANX1 is positively correlated with serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels. Using the mouse model of renal I/R injury in vivo and cell-based hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model in vitro, we prove that genetic deletion of PANX1 mitigate the kidney tubular cell death, oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage after I/R injury through enhanced mitophagy. Mechanistically, PANX1 disrupts mitophagy by influencing ATP-P2Y-mTOR signal pathway. These observations provide evidence that PANX1 could be a potential biomarker for AKI and a therapeutic target to alleviate AKI caused by I/R injury.

High-Performance Industrial-Grade CsPbBr3 Single Crystal by Solid-Liquid Interface Engineering.

All-inorganic metal halide perovskite CsPbBr3 crystal is regarded as an attractive alternative to high purity Ge and CdZnTe for room temperature γ-ray detection. However, high γ-ray resolution is only observable in small CsPbBr3 crystal; more practical and deployable large crystal exhibits very low, and even no detection efficiency, thereby thwarting prospects for cost-effective room temperature γ-ray detection. The poor performance of large crystal is attributed to the unexpected secondary phase inclusion during crystal growth, which traps the generated carriers. Here, the solid-liquid interface during crystal growth is engineered by optimizing the temperature gradient and growth velocity. This minimizes the unfavorable formation of the secondary phase, leading to industrial-grade crystals with a diameter of 30 mm. This excellent-quality crystal exhibits remarkably high carrier mobility of 35.4 cm2 V-1 s-1 and resolves the peak of 137 Cs@ 662 keV γ-ray at an energy resolution of 9.91%. These values are the highest among previously reported large crystals.

Synergistic effect of elevated glucose levels with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induced NOX-dependent ROS production in endothelial cells.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) often have a higher probability of organ failure and mortality. The potential cellular mechanisms through which blood glucose exacerbates tissue damage due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is still unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: We cultured endothelial cells within differing glucose mediums with an increasing concentration gradient of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (S protein). S protein can cause the reduction of ACE2 and TMPRSS2, and activation of NOX2 and NOX4. A high glucose medium was shown to aggravate the decrease of ACE2 and activation of NOX2 and NOX4 in cultured cells, but had no effect on TMPRSS2. S protein mediated activation of the ACE2-NOX axis induced oxidative stress and apoptosis within endothelial cells, leading to cellular dysfunction via the reduction of NO and tight junction proteins which may collectively be exacerbated by elevated glucose. In addition, the glucose variability model demonstrated activation of the ACE2-NOX axis in a similar manner observed in the high glucose model in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: Our present study provides evidence for a mechanism through which hyperglycemia aggravates endothelial cell injury resulting from S protein mediated activation of the ACE2-NOX axis. Our research thus highlights the importance of strict monitoring and control of blood glucose levels within the context of COVID-19 treatment to potentially improve clinical outcomes.

Optogenetics-inspired manipulation of synaptic memory using all-optically controlled memristors.

Memristive synapses compatible with optogenetic techniques allow for the fast and low-power manipulation of memory activities using light in artificial neural systems. However, most of the optoelectronic memristors operate in the hybrid optic-electric mode; the reversible regulation of memristive states solely using light for optogenetic emulation is difficult. In this work, an all-optical controlled optoelectronic memristor (Au/Cs2AgBiBr6/Au) is developed for mimicking optogenetics-tuned memory formation and erasing behaviors in biological synapses. We show that the memristor exhibits positive and negative persistent photoconductivity effects under different light wavelengths, attributed to light-regulated carrier de-trapping/trapping at the Au/Cs2AgBiBr6 interface. This device can emulate both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic plasticity and associated learning and memory effects under light illumination. We constructed a prototype optoelectronic synaptic array and implemented the all-optically controlled memory implantation, erasing, and modification, demonstrating the light-reconfigured cognition capabilities. Our findings will inspire the development of all-optically controlled artificial neural systems with good reconfigurability for efficient neuromorphic computing and machine vision.

Assessment of Sustainable Elimination Criteria for Iodine Deficiency Disorders Recommended by International Organizations.

Enormous efforts have been made to evaluate the worldwide prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs). This study evaluated China's achievements in IDD prevention and control against WHO criteria for sustainable elimination of IDD. The study sample consisted of 556,390 school-aged children and 271,935 pregnant women enrolled in the 2018 China National IDD Surveillance. As a result, at the national level, median urine iodine concentration (MUIC) was 206.1 and 163.5 µg/l in children and in pregnant women, respectively. The proportion of households consuming adequate iodized salt (PHCAIS) was 90.2%. The prevalence rates of goiter in children and thyroid disease in pregnant women were 2.0 and 0.8%, respectively. MUIC showed significant non-linear increasing trends with increasing PHCAIS in both children and pregnant women. The prevalence of thyroid disease in pregnant women had a sharp decreasing trend with increasing PHCAIS. Of note, the prevalence of goiter in children and thyroid disease in pregnant women against MUIC both presented as significant U-shaped curves, with the lowest prevalence at 100-300 µg/l of MUIC in children and 150-250 µg/l in pregnant women. PHCAIS, MUIC, and the programmatic indicators at the national level were all above their cut-offs proposed in the 2007 Criteria. Evaluation by adding the prevalence of goiter (<5%) yielded the different results at the county level. Sustainable elimination of IDD has been achieved nationally. 2018 Chinese surveillance data support the expansion of global cut-offs for optimal iodine status in school-age children from 100-199 to 100-299 µg/l as recommended by others and the lower limit of MUIC (150 µg/l) in pregnant women also seems justified. Inclusion of goiter prevalence <5% in our analysis reduced the number of municipalities and counties which had achieved sustainable elimination of IDD.

Ultrasensitive and Robust 120 keV Hard X-Ray Imaging Detector based on Mixed-Halide Perovskite CsPbBr3- n In Single Crystals.

The relatively low resistivity and severe ion migration in CsPbBr3 significantly degrade the performance of X-ray detectors due to their high detection limit and current drift. The electrical properties and X-ray detection performances of CsPbBr3 -nIn single crystals are investigated by doping the iodine atoms into the melt-grown CsPbBr3 . The resistivity of CsPbBr3 -nIn single crystals increases from 3.6 × 109 (CsPbBr3 ) to 2.2 × 1011 (CsPbBr2 I) Ω cm, restraining the leak current and decreasing the detection limit of the detector. Additionally, CsPbBr3 -nIn single crystals exhibit stable dark currents, arising from their high ion migration activation energy. A record sensitivity of 6.3 × 104 µC Gy-1 cm-2 (CsPbBr2.9 I0.1 ) and a low detection limit of 54 nGy s-1 (CsPbBr2 I) are achieved by CsPbBr3 -nIn single crystals for the 120 keV hard X-ray detection under a 5000 V cm-1 electrical field. The CsPbBr2.9 I0.1 detector shows a stable current response with a dark current density of 0.58 µA cm-2 for 30 days and clear imaging for 120 keV Xrays at ambient conditions. The effective iodine atom doping strategy makes the CsPbBr3 -nIn single crystals promising for reproducible high-energy hard X-ray imaging systems.

Three-Dimension Co-culture of Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Differentiated Osteoblasts on Gallic Acid Grafted-Chitosan Scaffold as a Model of Hematopoietic Stem Cells Niche.

The existing approaches of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) expansion in vitro were difficult to meet the needs of clinical application. While in vivo, HSCs efficiently self-renew in niche where they interact with three dimension extracellular matrix and stromal cells. Osteoblasts (OBs) are one of most significant stromal cells of HSCs niche. Here, we proposed a three-dimensional environment based on gallic acid grafted-chitosan (2c) scaffold and OBs differentiated from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) to recapitulate the main components of HSCs niche. The results of alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining demonstrated that HUMSCs were successfully induced into OBs. The results showed that the expansions of CD34+cells, CD34+CD38- cells and CD34+CD38-CD45RA-CD49f+CD90+ cells (primitive hematopoietic stem cells, pHSCs) harvested from the biomimetic HSCs niche based on 2c scaffold and OBs (IV) group were larger than those harvested from other three culture groups. Importantly, it was found that the CD34+ cells harvested from IV group had better secondary expansion capability and colony forming potential, indicating better self-renewal ability. In addition, the biomimetic HSCs niche based on 2c scaffold and OBs protected HSCs apoptosis and promoted HSCs division. Taken together, the biomimetic HSCs niche based on 2c scaffold and OBs was an effective strategy for ex vivo expansion of HSCs in clinical scale.

Two-Dimensional Dion-Jacobson Perovskite (NH3C4H8NH3)CsPb2Br7 with High X-ray Sensitivity and Peak Discrimination of α-Particles.

Two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites have attracted extensive interest because of their excellent optoelectronic properties, structural diversity, and promising stability. Herein, we grow a novel 2D Dion-Jacobson halide perovskite, (BDA)CsPb2Br7 (BDA = 1,4-butanediamine, NH3C4H8NH32+), which exhibits a large bandgap (∼2.76 eV), high resistivity (∼4.35 × 1010 Ω·cm), and considerable switching ratio (>700), indicating great potential for radiation detection. Both experimental and calculated results demonstrate that (BDA)CsPb2Br7 has a significantly improved mobility compared to those of Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites (BA)2CsPb2Br7 and (i-BA)2CsPb2Br7, which is attributed to the shorter interlayer distance leading to the enhanced orbital interactions. The resulting (BDA)CsPb2Br7 detector along the out-of-plane direction achieves a high X-ray sensitivity of 725.5 µC·Gy-1·cm-2. Another fascinating attribute is that the detector exhibits good peak discrimination with an energy resolution of ∼37% when illuminated by the 241Am@5.48 MeV α-particles under a negative bias of 260 V. These results provide a broad prospect for 2D Dion-Jacobson perovskites for future radiation detection applications.

Study on the Effect of Different Iodine Intake on Hippocampal Metabolism in Offspring Rats.

Iodine is an essential trace element in the human body. Severe maternal iodine deficiency during pregnancy leads to obvious intellectual disability in the offspring. The effects of iodine deficiency on brain development have been demonstrated, but there is no clear evidence of the effects of iodine excess on brain development. To clarify the effects of iodine excess on the brain development of offspring and to provide clues to the mechanisms underlying the effects of iodine deficiency and iodine excess on the brain development of offspring. In this study, animal models with different iodine intakes were constructed using potassium iodate (KIO3). The models included four experimental groups (low-iodine group one (LI, 0µg/L iodine), low-iodine group two (LII, 5µg/L iodine), high-iodine group one (HI, 3000µg/L iodine), and high-iodine group two (HII, 10000µg/L iodine)) and one control group (NI, 100µg/L iodine). There were 20 female rats in each group, and 8 offspring were chosen from each group following birth to assess metabolic alterations. The metabolites of subsets of brain hippocampal tissue were profiled by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-linked electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOFMS) and the results were subjected to multivariate data analysis. Differential substances were screened by t test (p<0.05), principal component analysis (PCA), and partial least squares analysis (PLS-DA, VIP>1). The thyroid function of the female rats in the experimental group was abnormally changed. Metabolic analysis showed that the five groups were separated which revealed significant differences in hippocampal tissue metabolism among the five groups of offspring. A total of 12 potential metabolites were identified, with the majority of them being related to amino acid and energy metabolism. These metabolites are involved in various metabolic pathways, are interrelated, and may play a function in brain development. Our study highlights changes in metabolites and metabolic pathways in the brain hippocampus of offspring rats with different iodine intakes compared to controls, revealing new insights into hippocampal metabolism in offspring rats and new relevant targets.

MEK1 activation enhances the ex vivo proliferation of haematopoietic stem/progenitor cell.

Haematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) integrates intracellular signal network from growth factors (GFs) and utilizes its proliferation feature to generate high yields of transplantable cells upon ex vivo culture. However, the molecular basis for HSPC activation and proliferation is not completely understood. The goal of this study was to investigate proliferation regulator in the downstream of GFs and develop HSPC expansion strategy. Microarray and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis were performed to evaluate differentially expressed genes in cytokine-induced CD34+ cells after ex vivo culture. We identified that MEK1 was a potential HSPC proliferation regulator, which represented indispensable roles and MEK1 silence attenuated the proliferation of HSPC. Notably, 500 nM MEK1 agonist, PAF C-16, increased the numbers of phenotypic HSPC and induced cell cycling of HSPC. The PAF C-16 expanded HSPC demonstrated comparative clonal formation ability and secondary expansion capacity compared to the vehicle control. Our results provide insights into regulating the balance between proliferation and commitment of HSPC by targeting the HSPC proliferation-controlling network. This study demonstrates that MEK1 critically regulates HSPC proliferation and cell production in the ex vivo condition for transplantation.

A novel magnetically controlled bioreactor for ex vivo expansion of NK-92 cells.

The application of natural killer (NK) cells as potential antitumor effector cells appears to be valuable for immunotherapies. However, the clinical use of NK cells is limited because the technical difficulties associated with mass production NK cells at sufficiently high numbers represents a great challenge. Ex vivo expansion of NK cells is a key technology for cell therapy. Bioreactor systems can generate homogeneous culture condition and modulate the environmental and biochemical cues. In this study, a novel magnetically controlled bioreactor was developed for supporting NK cells ex vivo expansion. Using synthetic magnetic beads, the stirring device of the magnetically controlled bioreactor generated reduced shearing force. The intermittent magnetic field was applied for magnetic beads movement to homogenize the culture system. NK-92 cells were cultured in the magnetically controlled bioreactor and the expansion and function of expanded cells were investigated on day 8. The results showed that the expansion of NK-92 cells in the bioreactor was 67.71 ± 10.60-fold, which was significantly higher than that of the T25 culture flask (P < 0.05). Moreover, the proportions of CD3-CD56+ cells and cell killing activity of expanded cells in the bioreactor did not reveal any differences compared to T25 flasks. Taken together, this study demonstrated the possibility of magnetically controlled bioreactor as a potent strategy in NK cells production for facilitating cancer immunotherapy.

All in One: A Versatile n-Perovskite/p-Spiro-MeOTAD p-n Heterojunction Diode as a Photovoltaic Cell, Photodetector, and Memristive Photosynapse.

With their excellent optoelectronic properties, halide perovskite (HP) semiconductors have witnessed successful applications in many fields, such as solar cells, LEDs, photodetectors, transistors, and memristors. Exploiting their fascinating physical nature for the development of single nanodevices with multifunctionalities is significant yet remains challenging. We report a multifunctional device based on the n-perovskite/p-spiro-MeOTAD p-n heterojunction diode that enables the integration of photovoltaic, photodetection, and photosynaptic functions in a single device. The device exhibits a high photoelectronic conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.64% under AM 1.5G illumination and excellent photodetection characteristics including a low drive voltage of 0.01 V, a short response time of 0.17 s, high switching repeatability, and stability. Coupled with the superior photomemristive effect of the device that can be used for the emulation of short- and long-term memory formation of visual synapses, these results suggest that the HP-based p-n heterojunction devices hold great potential in multifunctional integrated device applications.

High Iodine Nutrition May Be a Risk Factor for Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Cancer Patients.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to retrospectively identify the effect of iodine on the papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) process and investigate the risk clinicopathologic characteristics of cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM) for achieving a better preventive strategy of PTC. METHODS: Totally 187 patients with CLNM and 279 without CLNM (NCLNM) were enrolled, and their urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and serum iodine concentration (SIC) were measured. Logistic regressions were used to reveal the effects of iodine nutrition on the CLNM status of PTC. RESULTS: The levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroglobulin (TG) were higher in the CLNM group than in the NCLNM group. UIC and SIC were positively correlated, and both of them were correlated with TSH, free thyroxine, and TG. The proportions of UIC >300 µg/L and of SIC >90 µg/L were higher in the CLNM than in the NCLNM. Logistic analysis showed that SIC >90 µg/L was an independent predictor for CLNM in PTC. Additionally, age ≥45, female, TG, multifocality, and diameter of cancer invasion >1 cm also affected CLNM status in PTC, and their logistic regression model showed a certain diagnostic accuracy (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve = 0.72). CONCLUSIONS: Relatively high iodine nutrition seemed to be a significant risk factor for the occurrence of CLNM in PTC and may promote lymphatic metastasis in PTC.