Few-shot RUL prediction for engines based on CNN-GRU model.

In the realm of prognosticating the remaining useful life (RUL) of pivotal components, such as aircraft engines, a prevalent challenge persists where the available historical life data often proves insufficient. This insufficiency engenders obstacles such as impediments in performance degradation feature extraction, inadequacies in capturing temporal relationships comprehensively, and diminished predictive accuracy. To address this issue, a 1D CNN-GRU prediction model for few-shot conditions is proposed in this paper. In pursuit of more comprehensive data feature extraction and enhanced RUL prognostication precision, the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is selected for its capacity to discern high-dimensional features amid the intricate dynamics of the data. Concurrently, the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) network is leveraged for its robust capability in extracting temporal features inherent within the data. We combine the two to construct a CNN-GRU hybrid network. Moreover, the integration of data distribution alongside correlation and monotonicity indices is employed to winnow the input of multi-sensor monitoring parameters into the CNN-GRU network. Finally, the engine RULs are predicted by the trained model. In this paper, experiments are conducted on a sub-dataset of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) C-MAPSS multi-constraint dataset to validate the effectiveness of the method. Experimental results have demonstrated that this method has high accuracy in RUL prediction tasks, which can powerfully demonstrate its effectiveness.

Exploring the Biosynthetic Possibilities of Hydroxylated Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers from Bromophenols in Prorocentrum donghaiense: Implications for Bioremediation.

Bromophenols has been proven to synthesize hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs), which may pose additional environmental and health risks in the process of bioremediation. In this study, the removal of 2,4-dibromophenol (2,4-DBP) and 2,4,6-tribromophenol (2,4,6-TBP) and the biosynthetic of OH-PBDEs by Prorocentrum donghaiense were explored. The removal efficiencies of 2,4-DBP and 2,4,6-TBP ranged from 32.71% to 76.89% and 31.15% to 78.12%, respectively. Low concentrations of 2,4-DBP stimulated algal growth, while high concentrations were inhibitory. Furthermore, exposure to 10.00 mg L-1 2,4-DBP resulted in the detection of 2'-hydroxy-2,3',4,5'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (2'-OH-BDE-68) within P. donghaiense. In contrast, increasing concentrations of 2,4,6-TBP considerably inhibited P. donghaiense growth, with 4'-hydroxy-2,3',4,5',6-pentabromodiphenyl ether (4'-OH-BDE-121) detected within P. donghaiense under 5.00 mg L-1 2,4,6-TBP. Metabolomic analysis further revealed that the synthesized OH-PBDEs exhibited higher toxicity than their precursors and identified the oxidative coupling as a key biosynthetic mechanism. These findings confirm the capacity of P. donghaiense to remove bromophenols and biosynthesize OH-PBDEs from bromophenols, offering valuable insights into formulating algal bioremediation to mitigate bromophenol contamination.

METTL14 downregulation drives S100A4+ monocyte-derived macrophages via MyD88/NF-κB pathway to promote MAFLD progression.

Without intervention, a considerable proportion of patients with metabolism-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) will progress from simple steatosis to metabolism-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), liver fibrosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the molecular mechanisms that control progressive MAFLD have yet to be fully determined. Here, we unraveled that the expression of the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferase METTL14 is remarkably downregulated in the livers of both patients and several murine models of MAFLD, whereas hepatocyte-specific depletion of this methyltransferase aggravated lipid accumulation, liver injury, and fibrosis. Conversely, hepatic Mettl14 overexpression alleviated the above pathophysiological changes in mice fed on a high-fat diet (HFD). Notably, in vivo and in vitro mechanistic studies indicated that METTL14 downregulation decreased the level of GLS2 by affecting the translation efficiency mediated by YTHDF1 in an m6A-depedent manner, which might help to form an oxidative stress microenvironment and accordingly recruit Cx3cr1+Ccr2+ monocyte-derived macrophages (Mo-macs). In detail, Cx3cr1+Ccr2+ Mo-macs can be categorized into M1-like macrophages and S100A4-positive macrophages and then further activate hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) to promote liver fibrosis. Further experiments revealed that CX3CR1 can activate the transcription of S100A4 via CX3CR1/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in Cx3cr1+Ccr2+ Mo-macs. Restoration of METTL14 or GLS2, or interfering with this signal transduction pathway such as inhibiting MyD88 could ameliorate liver injuries and fibrosis. Taken together, these findings indicate potential therapies for the treatment of MAFLD progression.

Biphasic regulation of miR-17∼92 transcription during hypoxia: roles of HIF1 and p53 hyperphosphorylation at ser15.

We have reported previously that during hypoxia exposure, the expression of mature miR-17∼92 was first upregulated and then downregulated in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) and in mouse lungs in vitro and in vivo. Here, we investigated the mechanisms regulating this biphasic expression of miR-17∼92 in PASMC in hypoxia. We measured the level of primary miR-17∼92 in PASMC during hypoxia exposure and found that short-term hypoxia exposure (3% O2, 6 h) induced the level of primary miR-17∼92, whereas long-term hypoxia exposure (3% O2, 24 h) decreased its level, suggesting a biphasic regulation of miR-17∼92 expression at the transcriptional level. We found that short-term hypoxia-induced upregulation of miR-17∼92 was hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) and E2F1 dependent. Two HIF1α binding sites on miR-17∼92 promoter were identified. We also found that long-term hypoxia-induced suppression of miR-17∼92 expression could be restored by silencing of p53. Mutation of the p53-binding sites in the miR-17∼92 promoter increased miR-17∼92 promoter activity in both normoxia and hypoxia. Our findings suggest that the biphasic transcriptional regulation of miR-17∼92 during hypoxia is controlled by HIF1/E2F1 and p53 in PASMC: during short-term hypoxia exposure, stabilization of HIF1 and induction of E2F1 induce the transcription of miR-17∼92, whereas during long-term hypoxia exposure, hyperphosphorylation of p53 suppresses the expression of miR-17∼92.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We showed that the biphasic transcriptional regulation of miR-17∼92 during hypoxia is controlled by two distinct mechanisms: during short-term hypoxia exposure, induction of HIF1 and E2F1 upregulates miR-17∼92. Longer hypoxia exposure induces hyperphosphorylation of p53 at ser15, which leads to its binding to miR-17∼92 promoter and inhibition of its expression. Our findings provide novel insights into the spatiotemporal regulation of miR-17∼92 that may play a role in the development of human lung diseases including pulmonary hypertension (PH).

Gender dimorphism in hepatocarcinogenesis-DNA methylation modification regulated X-chromosome inactivation escape molecule XIST.

BACKGROUND: Sex disparities constitute a significant issue in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanism of gender dimorphism in HCC is still not completely understood. METHODS: 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC)-Seal technology was utilised to detect the global 5hmC levels from four female and four male HCC samples. Methylation of XIST was detected by Sequenom MassARRAY methylation profiling between HCC tissues (T) and adjacent normal liver tissues (L). The role of Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) was investigated using diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-administered Tet2-/- female mice, which regulated XIST in hepatocarcinogenesis. All statistical analyses were carried out by GraphPad Prism 9.0 and SPSS version 19.0 software. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that the numbers of 5hmC reads in the first exon of XIST from female HCC tissues (T) were remarkably lower than that in female adjacent normal liver tissues (L). Correspondingly, DNA methylation level of XIST first exon region was significantly increased in female T than in L. By contrast, no significant change was observed in male HCC patients. Compared to L, the expression of XIST in T was also significantly downregulated. Female patients with higher XIST in HCC had a higher overall survival (OS) and more extended recurrence-free survival (RFS). Moreover, TET2 can interact with YY1 binding to the promoter region of XIST and maintain the hypomethylation state of XIST. In addition, DEN-administered Tet2-/- mice developed more tumours than controls in female mice. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provided that YY1 and TET2 could interact to form protein complexes binding to the promoter region of XIST, regulating the methylation level of XIST and then affecting the expression of XIST. This research will provide a new clue for studying sex disparities in hepatocarcinogenesis. HIGHLIGHTS: XIST was significantly downregulated in HCC tissues and had gender disparity. Methylation levels in the XIST first exon were higher in female HCC tissues, but no significant change in male HCC patients. The TET2-YY1 complex regulate XIST expression in female hepatocytes. Other ways regulate XIST expression in male hepatocytes.

Circular RNA cFAM210A, degradable by HBx, inhibits HCC tumorigenesis by suppressing YBX1 transactivation.

Hepatitis B protein x (HBx) has been reported to promote tumorigenesis in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the mechanism awaits further investigation. In this study, we found that cFAM210A (a circular RNA derived from the third exon of transcript NM_001098801 of the FAM210A gene; CircBase ID: hsa_circ_0003979) can be silenced by HBx. cFAM210A expression was downregulated and negatively correlated with tumorigenesis in patients with HBV-related HCC. Furthermore, cFAM210A reduced the proliferation, stemness, and tumorigenicity of HCC cells. Mechanistically, HBx increased the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) level of cFAM210A by promoting the expression of RBM15 (an m6A methyltransferase), thus inducing the degradation of cFAM210A via the YTHDF2-HRSP12-RNase P/MRP pathway. cFAM210A bound to YBX1 and inhibited its phosphorylation, suppressing its transactivation function toward MET. These findings suggest the important role of circular RNAs in HBx-induced hepatocarcinogenesis and identify cFAM210A a potential target in the prevention and treatment of HBV-related HCC.

The ligation between ERMAP, galectin-9 and dectin-2 promotes Kupffer cell phagocytosis and antitumor immunity.

Kupffer cells, the liver tissue resident macrophages, are critical in the detection and clearance of cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their detection and phagocytosis of cancer cells are still unclear. Using in vivo genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screening, we found that the cell-surface transmembrane protein ERMAP expressed on various cancer cells signaled to activate phagocytosis in Kupffer cells and to control of liver metastasis. ERMAP interacted with ß-galactoside binding lectin galectin-9 expressed on the surface of Kupffer cells in a manner dependent on glycosylation. Galectin-9 formed a bridging complex with ERMAP and the transmembrane receptor dectin-2, expressed on Kupffer cells, to induce the detection and phagocytosis of cancer cells by Kupffer cells. Patients with low expression of ERMAP on tumors had more liver metastases. Thus, our study identified the ERMAP-galectin-9-dectin-2 axis as an 'eat me' signal for Kupffer cells.

Combining albumin deficiency and acute exercise reduces hepatic lipid droplet size in mice.

Hepatic lipid droplets (LDs) are implicated in ectopic lipid accumulation. The core of LDs, triacylglycerol (TAG), is synthesized from the esterification of fatty acids to a glycerol-3-phosphate (G-3-P) backbone. Albumin transports plasma free fatty acids, and previously albumin knockout (Alb-/-) mice were shown to exhibit lower hepatic TAG levels than wildtype (WT). Exercise is a beneficial strategy to alter hepatic metabolism, but its impacts on reducing hepatic lipids are far from satisfactory. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effect of albumin deficiency and acute exercise on hepatic LDs. Eight-week-old male Alb-/- and WT mice were divided into sedentary and exercise groups. Exercised mice performed a 30-min high-intensity exercise bout. Results showed that sedentary Alb-/- mice had smaller hepatic LDs (P < 0.0001), associated with mitochondria, while WT mice exhibited larger LDs, surrounded by glycogen granules. Following acute exercise, hepatic LDs in Alb-/- mice reduced by 40% in size, while in WT increased by 14% (P < 0.0001). The maintenance of WT hepatic LDs was associated with elevated G-3-P level (P < 0.05), potentially derived from glycogen (R = -0.32, %change in glycogen versus LD content, P < 0.05). The reduction in Alb-/- mice LDs after exercise was possibly due to their low glycogen level. In conclusion, Alb-/- mice exhibited an enhanced capacity for reducing hepatic LD size and content in response to exercise. These findings suggest that modulating albumin's functions combined with exercise could be a potential strategy to reduce ectopic lipid deposition in the liver.

Enhanced hydrolytic removal of tylosin in wastewater using polymer-based solid acid catalysts converted from polystyrene.

Antibiotic production wastewater usually contains high concentrations of antibiotic residues, which can cause instability and deterioration of biological wastewater treatment units and also domestication and proliferation of antibiotic-resistance bacteria. An effective pretreatment on antibiotics production wastewater is expected to selectively reduce the concentration of antibiotics and decrease the toxicity, rather than mitigate organic and other contaminants before further treatments. In this work, two polymer-based solid acids, PS-S and CPS-S bearing high concentrations of -SOH3 groups (up to 4.57 mmol/g), were prepared and successfully used for hydrolytic mitigation of 100 mg/L tylosin within 20 min. The co-existence of high concentrations of COD and humic substances did not affect the mitigation of tylosin obviously, while more than 500 mg/L of nitrogenous compounds suppressed the hydrolytic efficiency. Recycle and reuse experiments showed that the solid acids performed well in five cycles after regeneration. Three transformation products (P1, P2 and P3) were identified using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Sugar moieties including mycarse, mycaminose, and mycinose detached and released simultaneously or in order from the 16-member lactone ring through desugarization, which led to a dramatic decrease in antibacterial activity as revealed by cytotoxicity evaluations using S. aureus. Ecotoxicity estimation indicated the acute toxicities of the hydrolyzed products to model species (e.g., fish, daphnid and green algae) were classified as "not harmful". This work suggested an effective and selective method to pretreat tylosin-contained production wastewater by using polymer-based solid acids. These results will shed light on effective elimination of antibiotics pollution from pharmaceutical industries through strengthening the pretreatments.

FTO promotes liver inflammation by suppressing m6A mRNA methylation of IL-17RA.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that inflammation-related interleukin-17 (IL-17) signaling plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)- and alcoholic liver disease (ALD)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, rare efforts have been intended at implementing the analysis of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA methylation to elucidate the underpinning function of the IL-17 receptor A (IL-17RA) during the inflammation-carcinogenesis transformation of HCC. Methods: We performed methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) using normal, HCC tumor and paired tumor adjacent tissues from patients to investigate the dynamic changes of m6A mRNA methylation in the process of HCC. Additionally, murine non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) model and murine chronic liver injury model were utilized to investigate the role of IL-17RA regulated by m6A mRNA modulator fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) in chronic hepatic inflammation. Results: MeRIP-seq revealed the reduction of m6A mRNA methylation of IL-17RA in tumor adjacent tissues with chronic inflammation, suggesting the potential role of IL-17RA in the inflammation-carcinogenesis transformation of HCC. Besides, we demonstrated that FTO, rather than methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3), methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14), and alkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) functions as a main modulator for the decrease of m6A mRNA methylation of IL-17RA via knockdown and overexpression of FTO in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions: Overall, we elaborated the underlying mechanisms of the increase of IL-17RA resulting in chronic inflammation via the demethylation of FTO in tumor adjacent tissues and demonstrated that targeting the specific m6A modulator FTO may provide an effective treatment for hepatitis patients to prevent the development of HCC.

Spatial maps of hepatocellular carcinoma transcriptomes reveal spatial expression patterns in tumor immune microenvironment.

Rationale: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly heterogeneous and malignant disease with the complex immune microenvironment, which ultimately influence clinic outcomes of patients. However, the spatial expression patterns of diverse immune cells among tumor microenvironment remain to be further deciphered. Methods: Spatial transcriptomics sequencing (ST) was implemented on two portions of HCC specimens. Differentially expressed genes, cell cycle phases, epithelial-mesenchymal features, pseudo-time and immune infiltration analysis were applied to demonstrate the intratumor heterogeneity and define the specific immune-related regions, and the results were further validated by a second analysis on another ST study. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to confirm the functional mechanisms of key molecules such as CCL15, CCL19 and CCL21. Clinical tissue samples were used to assess their potential prognostic and therapeutic values. Results: Totally, 7553 spots were categorized into 15 subsets by hierarchical clustering, and malignant subsets with intratumor heterogeneity phenotypes were identified. Spatial heterogeneity from distinct sectors highlights specific chemokines: CCL15 is remarkable in the core region of the carcinoma sector and facilitates the immunosuppressive microenvironment by recruiting and polarizing M2-like macrophages in vitro and in vivo; High expression of CCL15 and CD163 respectively predicts poor prognosis of HCC patients, and the combined application of them has better predictive value. CCL19 and CCL21, sharing similar spatial expression patterns, are highly-correlated and prominent in the immune infiltration enrichment and recruit CD3+ T cells and CD20+ B cells to inhibit the growth of HCC, indicating a good prognosis of HCC patients. Conclusions: Taken together, our studies preliminarily reveal intratumor heterogeneity of HCC based on ST techniques and unravel the previously unexplored spatial expression patterns in the immune microenvironment. We also highlight the clinical significance and spatial discrepancy of key molecules, providing novel insight for further developing therapeutic strategies in HCC.

METTL16 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression through downregulating RAB11B-AS1 in an m6A-dependent manner.

BACKGROUND: The molecular mechanisms driving hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain largely unclear. As one of the major epitranscriptomic modifications, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays key roles in HCC. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression, roles, and mechanisms of action of the RNA methyltransferase methyltransferase-like protein 16 (METTL16) in HCC. METHODS: The expression of METTL16 and RAB11B-AS1 was determined by RT-qPCR. The regulation of RAB11B-AS1 by METTL16 was investigated by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), methylated RIP (MeRIP), and RNA stability assays. In vitro and in vivo gain- and loss-of-function assays were performed to investigate the roles of METTL16 and RAB11B-AS1. RESULTS: METTL16 was upregulated in HCC, and its increased expression was correlated with poor prognosis of HCC patients. METTL16 promoted HCC cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion, repressed HCC cellular apoptosis, and promoted HCC tumoral growth in vivo. METTL16 directly bound long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) RAB11B-AS1, induced m6A modification of RAB11B-AS1, and decreased the stability of RAB11B-AS1 transcript, leading to the downregulation of RAB11B-AS1. Conversely to METTL16, RAB11B-AS1 is downregulated in HCC, and its decreased expression was correlated with poor prognosis of patients with HCC. Furthermore, the expression of RAB11B-AS1 was negatively correlated with METTL16 in HCC tissues. RAB11B-AS1 repressed HCC cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion, promoted HCC cellular apoptosis, and inhibited HCC tumoral growth in vivo. Functional rescue assays revealed that overexpression of RAB11B-AS1 reversed the oncogenic roles of METTL16 in HCC. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified the METTL16/RAB11B-AS1 regulatory axis in HCC, which represented novel targets for HCC prognosis and treatment.

Metabolite Comparison between Serum and Follicular Fluid of Dairy Cows with Inactive Ovaries Postpartum.

Inactive ovaries (IO) accounts for 50% of ovarian disease in postpartum dairy cows, which seriously affects their reproductive efficiency. To investigate the metabolic changes in the serum and follicular fluid of dairy cows with IO during lactation, six estrus (E) cows and six IO cows at 50 to 55 days in milk were selected based on B ultrasonic detection and clinical manifestations. The differential metabolites in serum and follicular fluid between the E cows and IO cows were identified by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, combined with multidimensional statistical methods. The results showed that dairy cows with IO were in a subclinical ketosis status where beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) exceeded 1.20 mmol/L, 14 differential metabolites in the serum of IO cows included 10 increased metabolites and 4 decreased metabolites, and 14 differential metabolites in the follicular fluid of IO cows included 8 increased metabolites and 6 decreased metabolites. These differential metabolites mainly involved nine metabolic pathways. The common enrichment pathway of different metabolites in serum and follicular fluid were glycerophospholipid metabolism and pentose and glucuronate interconversions. In conclusion, there were significant differences in the differential metabolites and enrichment pathways between serum and follicular fluid of IO cows, implying that there were complex changes in blood metabolism and local follicular metabolism of IO cows, whose interactions need further investigation.

SLC38A4 functions as a tumour suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma through modulating Wnt/ß-catenin/MYC/HMGCS2 axis.

BACKGROUND: Many molecular alterations are shared by embryonic liver development and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Identifying the common molecular events would provide a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC. METHODS: Expression levels and clinical relevancies of SLC38A4 and HMGCS2 were investigated by qRT-PCR, western blot, TCGA and GEO datasets. The biological roles of SLC38A4 were investigated by functional assays. The downstream signalling pathway of SLC38A4 was investigated by qRT-PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence, luciferase reporter assay, TCGA and GEO datasets. RESULTS: SLC38A4 silencing was identified as an oncofetal molecular event. DNA hypermethylation contributed to the downregulations of Slc38a4/SLC38A4 in the foetal liver and HCC. Low expression of SLC38A4 was associated with poor prognosis of HCC patients. Functional assays demonstrated that SLC38A4 depletion promoted HCC cellular proliferation, stemness and migration, and inhibited HCC cellular apoptosis in vitro, and further repressed HCC tumorigenesis in vivo. HMGCS2 was identified as a critical downstream target of SLC38A4. SLC38A4 increased HMGCS2 expression via upregulating AXIN1 and repressing Wnt/ß-catenin/MYC axis. Functional rescue assays showed that HMGCS2 overexpression reversed the oncogenic roles of SLC38A4 depletion in HCC. CONCLUSIONS: SLC38A4 downregulation was identified as a novel oncofetal event, and SLC38A4 was identified as a novel tumour suppressor in HCC.

Blind Deblurring Based on Sigmoid Function.

Blind image deblurring, also known as blind image deconvolution, is a long-standing challenge in the field of image processing and low-level vision. To restore a clear version of a severely degraded image, this paper proposes a blind deblurring algorithm based on the sigmoid function, which constructs novel blind deblurring estimators for both the original image and the degradation process by exploring the excellent property of sigmoid function and considering image derivative constraints. Owing to these symmetric and non-linear estimators of low computation complexity, high-quality images can be obtained by the algorithm. The algorithm is also extended to image sequences. The sigmoid function enables the proposed algorithm to achieve state-of-the-art performance in various scenarios, including natural, text, face, and low-illumination images. Furthermore, the method can be extended naturally to non-uniform deblurring. Quantitative and qualitative experimental evaluations indicate that the algorithm can remove the blur effect and improve the image quality of actual and simulated images. Finally, the use of sigmoid function provides a new approach to algorithm performance optimization in the field of image restoration.

Folic acid supplementation acts as a chemopreventive factor in tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma by inducing H3K9Me2-dependent transcriptional repression of LCN2.

The effects and mechanisms of folic acid (FA) as a chemopreventive agent for tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. In this study, the QSG-7701, a human normal liver cell line, was cultured in different FA levels (High, Normal or No) for 6 months. Then, the biological characteristics, the expression of main stem cell-like genes or epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related genes and the tumorigenicity in vivo of cells cultured in different treatment groups were detected. Our results showed that No FA improved the malignant transformation of cells but High FA depressed the malignant transformation. Meanwhile, cells in different treatment groups were mapped by transcriptome sequencing. Then the relativity of increased LCN2 and decreased FA level was identified and confirmed in vitro and vivo. We also revealed that intracellular control of LCN2 would recover the effects of FA on cell proliferation, cell cycle and tumor formation in vitro and vivo. Finally, our studies displayed that increased FA level induced the down-regulation of LCN2 not by DNA hypermethylation of LCN2 promoter but by promoting the level of histone H3 lysine 9 di-methylation (H3K9Me2) in LCN2 promoter. In conclusion, our studies disclosed the chemopreventive effect of FA supplementation on hepatocarcinogenesis, which partial attributed to the inhibition of LCN2 by regulating histone methylation in promoter. Our results provide a potential mechanism of the chemoprevention of FA supplementation on tumorigenesis of HCC and may be helpful in developing treatment target against HCC.

Comparison Between PET-CT-Guided Neck Dissection and Elective Neck Dissection in cT1-2N0 Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Objective: Neck management in cT1-2N0 tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) remains controversial. Our goal was to compare the survival difference between PET-CT-guided neck dissection and elective neck dissection (END) for the treatment of cT1-2 tongue SCC. Methods: Patients with surgically treated cT1-2N0 tongue SCC were retrospectively enrolled. These patients were divided into two groups. Group A: The decision of whether to perform neck dissection was mainly based on the results of preoperative PET-CT examinations. Group B: Patients received END treatment without preoperative PET-CT examinations. The study endpoints were regional control (RC) and disease-specific survival (DSS). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the survival rates. Results: Group A consisted of 66 patients, and 16 patients underwent neck dissection owing to positive PET-CT results. Group B consisted of 169 patients. The 5-year RC rates in group A and group B were 86 and 87%, respectively, and the difference was not significant (p = 0.731). The 5-year DSS rates in group A and group B were 93 and 90%, respectively, and the difference was not significant (p = 0.583). Conclusions: Neck dissection can be safely avoided when the PET-CT scan reveals no neck lymph node involvement.

A novel lncRNA-LINC01116 regulates tumorigenesis of glioma by targeting VEGFA.

Brain glioma is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system, and one of the leading causes of death in patients with intracranial tumors. The clinical outcome of glioma is usually poor due to abundant vascularity, fast growth and susceptibility of invasion to normal brain tissues. Our microarray study showed that lncRNA-LINC01116 was significantly upregulated in glioma tissues and played an important role in cell proliferation, cycle, migration, invasion and angiogenesis. In addition, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA) may be the major target genes in the downstream of lncRNA-LINC01116. Dual luciferase assay showed that LINC01116 and VEGFA both contained a miR-31-5p binding site, and LINC01116 could regulate the expression of VEGFA through competitive absorption of miR-31-5p. RNA immunoprecipitation indicated that LINC01116 and VEGFA were present in the miR-31-5p-RISC complex, and biotinylated miR-31-5p pull-down assay suggested that there was a competitive relationship between LINC01116 and VEGFA to bind with miR-31-5p. Collectively, our study has identified a novel lncRNA-LINC01116 and clarified the role and mechanism of LINC01116 in the tumorigenesis of glioma. LINC01116 may prove to be a potential target for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of glioma.

Plasma circular RNA panel to diagnose hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: A large-scale, multicenter study.

To explore whether plasma circular RNAs (circRNAs) can diagnose hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), microarray and qPCR were used to identify plasma circRNAs that were increased in HBV-related HCC patients compared to controls (including healthy controls, chronic hepatitis B and HBV-related liver cirrhosis). A logistic regression model was constructed using a training set (n = 313) and then validated using another two independent sets (n = 306 and 526, respectively). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate diagnostic accuracy. We identified a plasma circRNA panel (CircPanel) containing three circRNAs (hsa_circ_0000976, hsa_circ_0007750 and hsa_circ_0139897) that could detect HCC. CircPanel showed a higher accuracy than AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) to distinguish individuals with HCC from controls in all three sets (AUC, 0.863 [95% confidence interval, CI: 0.819-0.907] vs. 0.790 [0.738-0.842], p = 0.036 in training set; 0.843 [0.796-0.890] vs. 0.747 [0.691-0.804], p = 0.011 in validation set 1 and 0.864 [0.830-0.898] vs. 0.769 [0.728-0.810], p < 0.001 in validation set 2). CircPanel also performed well in detecting Small-HCC (solitary, ≤3 cm), AFP-negative HCC and AFP-negative Small-HCC.