Personalized Machine Learning-Coupled Nanopillar Triboelectric Pulse Sensor for Cuffless Blood Pressure Continuous Monitoring.

A wearable system that can continuously track the fluctuation of blood pressure (BP) based on pulse signals is highly desirable for the treatments of cardiovascular diseases, yet the sensitivity, reliability, and accuracy remain challenging. Since the correlations of pulse waveforms to BP are highly individualized due to the diversity of the patients' physiological characteristics, wearable sensors based on universal designs and algorithms often fail to derive BP accurately when applied on individual patients. Herein, a wearable triboelectric pulse sensor based on a biomimetic nanopillar layer was developed and coupled with Personalized Machine Learning (ML) to provide accurate and continuous monitoring of BP. Flexible conductive nanopillars as the triboelectric layer were fabricated through soft lithography replication of a cicada wing, which could effectively enhance the sensor's output performance to detect weak signal characteristics of pulse waveform for BP derivation. The sensors were coupled with a personalized Partial Least-Squares Regression (PLSR) ML to derive unknown BP based on individual pulse characteristics with reasonable accuracy, avoiding the issue of individual variability that was encountered by General PLSR ML or formula algorithms. The cuffless and intelligent design endow this ML-sensor as a highly promising platform for the care and treatments of hypertensive patients.

Tetranuclear Cluster-Based Eu(III)-Metal-Organic Framework: Ratiometric Platform Design and Ultrasensitive Phenylglyoxylic Acid Detection.

Phenylglyoxalic acid (PGA) is a typical metabolite produced by the invasion of styrene into the human body. The detection of PGA can not only reflect the health status of the human body but also assess the level of styrene contamination in the environment. Herein, a novel Eu(III)-MOF (Eu-ttpd) with excellent fluorescence properties was designed by employing the tetrazole-based ligand of 5-((4'-(tetrazol-5'-yl)benzyl)oxy) isophthalic acid (H2ttpd), which successfully used a fluorescent sensor for PGA. The as-synthesized Eu-ttpd features the unique 10-connected tetranuclear cluster [Eu4(µ3-O)2(COO)8]4+ and exhibits a novel (3,10)-connected topological. Benefiting from the perfectly matched excited-state energy levels of the employed H2ttpd ligand with PGA, rapid photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and Dexter-ET can occur, which entitle Eu-ttpd a fast fluorescence quenching response to PGA with a remarkable LOD of 0.269 µM. More importantly, by integrating Eu-ttpd and Mg,N-CDs into the polyacrylamide hydrogel, we optimized Eu-ttpd into a hydrogel sensor which exhibited enhanced detection ability (LOD = 0.052 µM) accompanied by a distinguished color transformation (red-to-blue) and realized ultrasensitive and visual detection of PGA. This work offers an indication for the development of smart sensing materials for human health and environmental safety.

Understanding Discordance between In Vitro Dissolution, Local Gut and Systemic Bioequivalence of Budesonide in Healthy and Crohn's Disease Patients through PBPK Modeling.

The most common method for establishing bioequivalence (BE) is to demonstrate similarity of concentration-time profiles in the systemic circulation, as a surrogate to the site of action. However, similarity of profiles from two formulations in the systemic circulation does not imply similarity in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) nor local BE. We have explored the concordance of BE conclusions for a set of hypothetical formulations based on budesonide concentration profiles in various segments of gut vs. those in systemic circulation using virtual trials powered by physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models. The impact of Crohn's disease on the BE conclusions was explored by changing physiological and biological GIT attributes. Substantial 'discordance' between local and systemic outcomes of VBE was observed. Upper GIT segments were much more sensitive to formulation changes than systemic circulation, where the latter led to false conclusions for BE. The ileum and colon showed a lower frequency of discordance. In the case of Crohn's disease, a product-specific similarity factor might be needed for products such as Entocort® EC to ensure local BE. Our results are specific to budesonide, but we demonstrate potential discordances between the local gut vs. systemic BE for the first time.

Integrated Multiplex Sensing Clear Aligner for In Situ Monitoring of Dental Enamel Demineralization.

Clear aligners have become one of the most important tools in orthodontic treatment. However, over a lengthy period of orthodontic treatment, enamel demineralization or even dental caries could be susceptible for occurrence. Therefore, early diagnosis of enamel demineralization has been widely investigated. Nevertheless, for reasons including bulky monitoring equipment and complexity of operation, few techniques reported to date possessed clinical utility. The combination of flexible electronics and electrochemical sensing technology presented a promising strategy. Herein, an integrated multiplex sensing clear aligner (IMSCA) system, including a clear aligner with a multiplex sensor array patch, was developed for in situ monitoring of Ca2+, pH, and PO43- in the oral environment to provide a foundation for early diagnosis of enamel demineralization. The IMSCA exhibited a broad linear response range, great selectivity, temporal stability, reproducibility, and biological safety. Results of enamel demineralization simulating experiments and human permanent tooth demineralization experiments validate the capability of the IMSCA to indicate the occurrence of enamel demineralization. All results ultimately point to the promising clinical utility of the IMSCA, which facilitates the quantitative characterization of enamel demineralization in complex oral environments. This study provides a novel strategy in the early diagnosis of enamel demineralization.

NMDA Receptor-Dependent Synaptic Potentiation via APPL1 Signaling Is Required for the Accessibility of a Prefrontal Neuronal Assembly in Retrieving Fear Extinction.

BACKGROUND: The ventromedial prefrontal cortex has been viewed as a locus for storage and recall of extinction memory. However, the synaptic and cellular mechanisms underlying these processes remain elusive. METHODS: We combined transgenic mice, electrophysiological recording, activity-dependent cell labeling, and chemogenetic manipulation to analyze the role of adaptor protein APPL1 in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in fear extinction retrieval. RESULTS: We found that both constitutive and conditional APPL1 knockout decreased NMDA receptor (NMDAR) function in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and impaired fear extinction retrieval. Moreover, APPL1 undergoes nuclear translocation during extinction retrieval. Blocking APPL1 nucleocytoplasmic translocation reduced NMDAR currents and disrupted extinction retrieval. We also identified a prefrontal neuronal ensemble that is both necessary and sufficient for the storage of extinction memory. Inducible APPL1 knockout in this ensemble abolished NMDAR-dependent synaptic potentiation and disrupted extinction retrieval, while chemogenetic activation of this ensemble simultaneously rescued the impaired behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that a prefrontal neuronal ensemble stores extinction memory, and APPL1 signaling supports these neurons in retrieving extinction memory by controlling NMDAR-dependent potentiation.

Integrated Multiplex Sensing Bandage for In Situ Monitoring of Early Infected Wounds.

Infection, the most common complication of chronic wounds, has placed tremendous burden on patients and society. Existing care strategies could hardly reflect in situ wound status, resulting in overly aggressive or conservative therapeutic options. Multiplexed tracking of wound markers to obtain diagnostic information in a more accurate way is highly promising and in great demand for the emerging development of personalized medicine. Here, an integrated multiplex sensing bandage (MSB) system, including a multiplex sensor array (MSA), a corresponding flexible circuit, and a mobile application, was developed for real-time monitoring of sodium, potassium, calcium, pH, uric acid, and temperature indicators in the wound site to provide a quantitative diagnostic basis. The MSB was optimized for wound-oriented management applications, which exhibits a broad linear response, excellent selectivity, temporal stability, mechanical stability, reproducibility, and reliable signal transmission performance on the aforementioned physiological indicators. The results of in vivo experiments demonstrate that the MSA is capable of real-time monitoring of actual wounds as well as early prediction of infection. The results ultimately point to the potential clinical applicability of the MSB, which might benefit the quantifications of the complexity and diversity of the wound healing process. This work provides a unique strategy that holds promise for broad application in optimizing wound management and even coping with other diseases.

Novel Portable Sensing System with Integrated Multifunctionality for Accurate Detection of Salivary Uric Acid.

Uric acid, as the terminal product of purine metabolism in the body, is an important marker of many diseases. Uric acid is abundant in saliva, offering the possibility of its non-invasive detection. However, it is sensitive to interference in saliva by a variety of factors. A reliable method of processing saliva is centrifugation (CF), but the cost and size of equipment limit its use in everyday life. In this study, a novel portable salivary-sensing system (PSSS) with integrated suction filtration (SF) and temperature insulation was proposed to obtain more accurate salivary uric acid levels through a simple procedure. The PSSS includes a saliva container, a high-sensitive uric acid sensor (UAS), an accompanying printed circuit board (PCB), and a mobile application. The responses produced by the UAS presents excellent linearity (4.6 µA/mM with R2 = 0.9964), selectivity, reproducibility, and stability for the detection of low levels of uric acid. The difference in detection values between the UAS and the commercial sensor is only ~4%. The primary feature of the saliva container is the processing of saliva by SF instead of CF. Samples from CF and SF showed no significant differences regarding uric acid levels, and both exhibited approximately 50% deviation from the untreated samples, while the difference in uric acid levels between the samples after SF and after applying both treatments was ~10%. Besides, insulation of the saliva container can partially eliminate sources of error induced by the environment during uric acid level testing. The PSSS provides a novel strategy for the immediate detection of specific markers in saliva. We believe that the PSSS has promising potential for future application in the rapid saliva testing.

Stimuli-Responsive Metal-Organic Framework on a Metal-Organic Framework Heterostructure for Efficient Antibiotic Detection and Anticounterfeiting.

Stimuli-responsiveness is an important characteristic that show promising potential in various applications. Herein, a novel ZIF-8-on-Tb-dpn (H3dpn = 5-(2',4'-dicarboxylphenyl)nicotic acid) heterostructure is constructed using a heteroepitaxial strategy combining the chemical-responsive (antibiotics) and light-responsive behaviors. The pyridine nitrogen of Tb-dpn acts as an anchor site for Zn2+, which helps to overcome the limit of lattice mismatch between two metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and promotes the growth of ZIF-8 nanocrystals. Based on the synergy effect of two MOFs, ZIF-8-on-Tb-dpn exhibits an efficient turn-off response toward tetracycline and chloramphenicol via competitive absorption, Förster resonance energy transfer, and photoinduced electron transfer processes with limit of detection values of 5.6 and 37.6 nM, respectively, which are three- to -fivefold lower than those of Tb-dpn. Moreover, the nanocage of ZIF-8 is utilized to encapsulate photochromic spiropyran (SP) molecules and realize the reversible conversion between SP and merocyanine (MC) under visible light and ultraviolet light. The MC form is accompanied with strong adsorption at 555 nm, which can erase the emission of Tb3+. Therefore, a reversible invisible anticounterfeiting pattern is designed with SP ⊂ ZIF-8-on-Tb-dpn for information anticounterfeiting. The excellent stimuli-responsive ability makes the luminescent platform a potential candidate in luminescence applications.

Mixed functionalization strategy on indium-organic framework for multiple ion detection and H2O2 turn-on sensing.

A special functional group mediated functionalization platform is introduced as a new and versatile platform tool to improve the fluorescence detection performance of metal-organic frameworks (MOF). The creation of a mixed-functionalization strategy on a MOF realizes the high sensitivity detection of heavy metal ions, anions and small molecules. In this work, we have first reported a novel amino functionalized 3D indium MOF [In(BDC-NH2)(OH)]n (In1-NH2) which not only has an excellent fluorescent characteristic but also shows highly sensitive identification of Fe3+, Cu2+, Pb2+ and ClO- in water with broad linear ranges and short response times. Subsequently, based on the remaining amino group site of In1-NH2, a post-synthetic modification strategy is utilized to introduce an active boronic acid group for hydrogen peroxide detection. The obtained PBA-In1 exhibits an efficient sensing performance for hydrogen peroxide with an LOD of 0.42 µM. Given this, PBA-In1 is expected to become an effective probe to monitor the formation of metabolites in humans. In1-NH2 successfully achieves multiple ion detection and the PBA-In1 sensing platform with boronic acid functionalization may have good application prospects in biochemical research in the future.

[Spatiotemporal Change and Source Apportionment of Non-point Source Nitrogen and Phosphorus Pollution Loads in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area].

The Three Gorges Reservoir area (TGRA) is a critical water source protection area in China and one of the regions with rapid economic development in the Yangtze River basin. Non-point source pollution is the leading cause of the deterioration of the water environment in the TGRA; therefore, studying the non-point source pollution status in the TGRA is of great significance to the regional ecological security and sustainable development. The improved export coefficient model was used to estimate the total non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution loads in the TGRA from 1990 to 2015, the spatial and temporal characteristics of the non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution were analyzed, and the primary sources of pollution were determined by calculating the contribution rate of each pollution source. The results concluded that the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution loads were highest in the hinterland of the reservoir, followed by the end of the reservoir, with the lowest in the head of the reservoir, showing significant spatial heterogeneity in the TGRA. The total loads of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution increased firstly and then decreased, which reached the highest value in 2000 and the lowest value in 2015. The contribution rate of each pollution source to the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution loads, from highest to lowest, were land use, rural life, livestock, and poultry farming. Among them, the land use type of dry land was the predominant source of non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution.

In situ self-assembled cationic lanthanide metal organic framework membrane sensor for effective MnO4- and ascorbic acid detection.

Developing portable membrane sensors to accurately detect the biomolecule ascorbic acid (AA) is extremely important for food safety and human health. Herein, we successfully design and synthesize a novel cationic metal organic framework (Eu-pbmc, Hpbmc = 2-(pyridine-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxylic acid) and assemble polyacrylonitrile/Eu-pbmc membrane (PEM) by an in-situ growth strategy. Benefiting from the appreciable loading of Eu-pbmc nanoparticles and high water permeation flux, PEM possesses effective detection for MnO4- with a limit of detection (LOD) of 17 nM. Utilizing the cationic porous framework, we load MnO4- into PEM and construct a "on-off-on" system for effective AA detection. The oxidative MnO4- can be reduced by AA and the resulting turn-on luminescence can reflect the concentration of AA. Compared with pure Eu-pbmc crystals, PEM exhibits improved AA detection performance with LOD of 48 nM and detection time of 1 min via a concise detection operation. The stable membrane sensor realizes an accurate detection in real biological samples, meeting the practical requirement. Moreover, an IMP logic gate is helpful to analyze MnO4- and AA in water. The proposed novel luminescence platform as well as reasonable "on-off-on" luminescence mode provide a promising method for AA detection.

Adaptor protein APPL1 links neuronal activity to chromatin remodeling in cultured hippocampal neurons.

Local signaling events at synapses or axon terminals are communicated to the nucleus to elicit transcriptional responses, and thereby translate information about the external environment into internal neuronal representations. This retrograde signaling is critical to dendritic growth, synapse development, and neuronal plasticity. Here, we demonstrate that neuronal activity induces retrograde translocation and nuclear accumulation of endosomal adaptor APPL1. Disrupting the interaction of APPL1 with Importin α1 abolishes nuclear accumulation of APPL1, which in turn decreases the levels of histone acetylation. We further demonstrate that retrograde translocation of APPL1 is required for the regulation of gene transcription and then maintenance of hippocampal late-phase long-term potentiation. Thus, these results illustrate an APPL1-mediated pathway that contributes to the modulation of synaptic plasticity via coupling neuronal activity with chromatin remodeling.

MOF-on-MOF Membrane with Cascading Functionality for Capturing Dichromate Ions and p-Arsanilic Acid Turn-On Sensing.

It is very significant that functional porous metal-organic frameworks are used to manufacture hierarchical components to achieve cascading functions that cannot be achieved by a single-layer metal-organic framework (MOF). Here, we report two cases of novel MOFs constructed by the same ligand, Cu(I)-tpt and Cu(II)-tpt (Htpt = 5-[4(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)]phenyl-2H-tetrazole), and prepared a Cu(II)-tpt-on-Cu(I)-tpt membrane by a layer-by-layer approach ignoring the lattice mismatch problem. The first Cu(I)-tpt layer is grown on an oriented Cu2O nanostructured array by a "one-pot" approach. The aligned second Cu(II)-tpt layer can be deposited using liquid-phase epitaxy. Notably, the prepared Cu(II)-tpt-on-Cu(I)-tpt membrane combines adsorption and fluorescence sensing, which exhibited significant adsorption for Cr2O72- (203.25 mg g-1) as typical highly poisonous ions with a fluorescence quenching response. Hence, based on the oxidation-reduction between Cr2O72- and p-arsanilic acid (p-ASA), the Cu(II)-tpt-on-Cu(I)-tpt membrane's ability to adsorb Cr2O72- could be used to design "on-off-on" mode fluorescence probes to detect p-ASA with high sensitivity (limit of detection (LOD) = 0.0556 µg L-1). p-ASA can be degraded into highly toxic inorganic arsenic compounds in the natural environment and has received widespread attention. Therefore, the integration of adsorption and fluorescence properties makes the Cu(II)-tpt-on-Cu(I)-tpt membrane a feasible multifunctional material for pollution control and detection.

Hydrophobicity-Adjustable MOF Constructs Superhydrophobic MOF-rGO Aerogel for Efficient Oil-Water Separation.

Accurate hydrophobicity adjustment of single-phase material is quite challenging and meaningful for water treatment. Here, a strategy combining crystal morphology regulation and post-synthetic modification is reported based on a novel metal-organic framework (MOF, Eu-bdo-COOH, H4bdo = 2,5-bis(3,5-dicarboxylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole). The hydrophobicity is regulated by crystal size and morphology regulation, and a rough microspherical MOF is successfully synthesized. Meanwhile, the obtained MOF microspheres exhibit high water, chemical, and thermal stability. The post-synthetic modification of alkyl chains achieves fine-tuning of hydrophobicity of MOF microspheres. The static water contact angles can controllably range from 43 to 142°, and the amylamine-modified MOF (AM) obtains the strongest hydrophobicity. In addition, a superhydrophobic aerogel is constructed with AM microspheres and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for efficient oil-water separation. The AM-rGO aerogel (AM-rGA) exhibits fast and efficient absorption of various oily substances from water, and the adsorption capacity of dibromoethane reaches up to 14,728 wt %. This outstanding oil adsorption capacity can maintain even beyond 50 cycles by the support of the stable aerogel. The strategy of morphology regulation and post-synthetic modification provides a broad approach for the hydrophobic adjustment of numerous MOF materials.

Temporal and Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Erosion and a Quantitative Analysis of Its Determinants in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China.

As the most typical ecologically fragile area in South China, the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) suffers from water and soil loss, which has threatened the local ecological environment. Understanding the spatial heterogeneity of soil erosion and exploring its determinants are of great significance in preventing soil erosion and maintaining ecological sustainability in the TGRA. This study investigates the spatial heterogeneity of soil erosion and quantitatively identifies the determinants in the TGRA based on the Chinese Soil Loss Equation (CSLE) and geographical detector method. This study concluded that the soil erosion status generally improved from 1990 to 2015, showing an increasing trend from 1990 to 2000 and a decreasing trend from 2000 to 2010. Slope, land use, and vegetation coverage were the dominant individual factors affecting soil erosion in the TGRA. For the interaction factor, the combinations of land-use type and slope and vegetation coverage and slope were the key determinants, explaining 68.7% and 63.1% of the spatial heterogeneity of soil erosion in the TGRA from 1990 to 2015, respectively. Moderate and higher levels of soil erosion occurred in areas where the slope was greater than 25°. Among the land-use types, dry land and bare land were prone to soil erosion. These findings reveal that land-use type and vegetation coverage should be considered for the effective prevention of soil erosion, and cultivation on sloped farmland should be prohibited, especially on slopes higher than 25° in the TGRA.

Formation and Encapsulation of Lead Halide Perovskites in Lanthanide Metal-Organic Frameworks for Tunable Emission.

Improving the stability of perovskite quantum dots and adjusting their optical properties are essential for their application in advanced optoelectronic equipment. We provide a simple synthetic method to hybridize perovskite quantum dots and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) into a polymer matrix. The hybrid material is made by encapsulating perovskite CH3NH3PbBr3 quantum dots in lanthanide-based metal-organic frameworks. A series of lanthanide-based metal-organic frameworks (LnMOFs), namely, [Ln(tpob)(DMF)(H2O)]n (Lntpob, Ln = Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, H3tpob = 1,3,5-tris(4-carbonylphenyloxy)benzene), have been synthesized under solvothermal conditions and fully characterized. Lntpobs display a three-dimensional (3D) pcu network with central-symmetric [Eu2(COO)4] structural building units (SBUs) linked by one-dimensional (1D) chains. CH3NH3PbBr3@Eutpob hybrids were developed through a three-step process, in which the precursor PbBr2@Eutpob was formed by immersing the Eutpob crystal synthesized in the first step into a PbBr2 solution; then the composite materials could form quickly when CH3NH3Br was added to the precursor. Therefore, the hybrid composite material exhibits luminescent properties related to the excitation wavelength in the form of powders or thin films. In addition, the photoluminescence of the CH3NH3PbBr3@Eutpob composite can be improved and maintained for a long time after it is introduced into the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix. Moreover, the emission peak based on the perovskite quantum dots can still maintain about 85% of the original intensity after being left for 30 days. Also, the obtained PMMA films can achieve tunable emission from red to green.

Lanthanide Coordination Polymer-Based Composite Films for Selective and Highly Sensitive Detection of Cr2O72- in Aqueous Media.

Due to the high carcinogenicity and bioaccumulation effects of dichromate ions in the human body, sensitive and rapid detection of Cr2O72- ions is necessary. Herein, two lanthanide coordination polymers based on a linear dicarboxylic acid ligand, named {Ln(cpon)(Hcpon)(H2O)3}n [Ln = Tb, Tbcpon; Eu, Eucpon; H2 cpon = 5-(4-carboxy-phenoxy)-nicotinic acid], have been successfully synthesized. These two isostructural compounds contain one-dimensional zigzag chains that consist of uncoordinated carboxyl groups and pyridine groups in the framework, and the one-dimensional chains can further form a three-dimensional supramolecular stacking structure by intermolecular interaction. Both Tbcpon and Eucpon show good luminescence performance and high stability. Tbcpon exhibits a good ability to sense Cr2O72- ions in aqueous solution. Moreover, the composite film material composed of Tbcpon and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) exhibits superior luminescence properties compared to those of pure Tbcpon. The Tbcpon-PMMA film exhibits an excellent ability to recognize Cr2O72- ions with high selectivity and a low detection limit of 5.6 ppb, which is much lower than the maximum contamination standard of 100 ppb in drinking water specified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Furthermore, the Tbcpon-PMMA film shows good recyclability for more than five cycles and anti-interference ability. After the introduction of the slightly soluble polymer poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), the Tbcpon-PVA composite film can effectively detect Cr2O72- ions in as little as 1 min. These composite films could be potentially used as test strips for trace detection and rapid detection of Cr2O72- ions in aqueous solution.

Darkness and low nighttime temperature modulate the growth and photosynthetic performance of Ulva prolifera under lower salinity.

In order to understand how darkness/irradiance and low nighttime temperature might alter physiology of Ulva prolifera under lower salinity conditions, we analyzed the growth rates, water content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, total soluble proteins (SPs) and carbohydrates content at the end of dark and light period under three temperature levels (25-25 °C treatment: 25 °C for day and night; 15-15 °C treatment: 15 °C for day and night; 25-15 °C treatment: 25 °C for day with 15 °C for night) and two salinity conditions (15, 25), meanwhile, the pigment content (chlorophyll a and b), chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic oxygen evolution also were determined during light phase. We found that the U. prolifera showed higher growth rate and SOD activity during dark phase at 25 °C, but this dark-induced increase could not be observed at 15 °C. The reasons for this increase varied, however, maybe not included water content and SPs for no significant difference in water content observed under all the treatments, as well as lower SPs content for dark period aside that at 15 °C and salinity 15. Compared to other two temperature treatments, the thalli grown at 25-15 °C showed higher growth rate and the photosynthetic oxygen evolution rate in light phase under salinity 15 conditions, although the maximum relative electron transport rate (rETRmax) showed higher value under 25 °C treatment. These results indicate that the darkness and the lower nighttime temperature maybe responsible reason for the rapid growth of these green tide algae.

A Robust Noise Mitigation Method for the Mobile RFID Location in Built Environment.

The exact location of objects, such as infrastructure, is crucial to the systematic understanding of the built environment. The emergence and development of the Internet of Things (IoT) have attracted growing attention to the low-cost location scheme, which can respond to a dramatic increasing amount of public infrastructure in smart cities. Various Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID)-based locating systems and noise mitigation methods have been developed. However, most of them are impractical for built environments in large areas due to their high cost, computational complexity, and low noise detection capability. In this paper, we proposed a novel noise mitigation solution integrating the low-cost localization scheme with one mobile RFID reader. We designed a filter algorithm to remove the influence of abnormal data. Inspired the sampling concept, a more carefully parameters calibration was carried out for noise data sampling to improve the accuracy and reduce the computational complexity. To achieve robust noise detection results, we employed the powerful noise detection capability of the random sample consensus (RANSAC) algorithm. Our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method for the localization and noise mitigation in a large area. The proposed scheme has potential applications for location-based services in smart cities.

Convolution Neural Networks With Two Pathways for Image Style Recognition.

Automatic recognition of an image's style is important for many applications, including artwork analysis, photo organization, and image retrieval. Traditional convolution neural network (CNN) approach uses only object features for image style recognition. This approach may not be optimal, because the same object in two images may have different styles. We propose a CNN architecture with two pathways extracting object features and texture features, respectively. The object pathway represents the standard CNN architecture and the texture pathway intermixes the object pathway by outputting the gram matrices of intermediate features in the object pathway. The two pathways are jointly trained. In experiments, two deep CNNs, AlexNet and VGG-19, pretrained on the ImageNet classification data set are fine-tuned for this task. For any model, the two-pathway architecture performs much better than individual pathways, which indicates that the two pathways contain complementary information of an image's style. In particular, the model based on VGG-19 achieves the state-of-the-art results on three benchmark data sets, WikiPaintings, Flickr Style, and AVA Style.