RESUMO
The surface modification of the TiO2 photoelectrode film is one of the promising ways to improve the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). In this work for the acid treatment of TiO2 powder, fluorine containing compounds such as trifluoroacetic acid was carried out to enhance the properties of photoanode. In order to investigate the effect of trifluoroacetyl group, the TiO2 nanopowders were also treated with different acids such as acetic acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid and their properties were compared. The TiO2 powders treated with both acetic acid and TFA have possessed smooth surface morphologies as well as enhanced particle dispersions with reduced particle sizes. Photoelectrodes prepared for these two kinds of TiO2 powders accommodated high amounts of dye loading and exhibited excellent light transmittance (wavelength region of 400600 nm). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis showed the smallest radius of the semicircle which indicates the enhanced rate of electron transport for the cell based photoelectrode with trifluoroacetic acid treated TiO2 powder. The solar cell from the untreated TiO2 film showed the power conversion efficiency of 8.86% and the highest efficiency of 9.51% was achieved by the cell fabricated from trifluoroacetic acid treated TiO2 film.
RESUMO
Novel organic pyridinium ylide sensitizers (NO109-111) consisting of various anchoring groups were synthesized and characterized for applications in dye sensitized solar cells. Compared with the pyridine-N-oxide dye (NO108), the ylide sensitizers with strong electron-withdrawing acceptors exhibited dominant ultraviolet absorption properties and efficient binding abilities to the TiO2 surface. Among these dyes, the pyridinium ylide NO111 sensitized solar cell showed the highest efficiency (5.15%), which was improved to 7.41% by employing coadsorbent chenodeoxycholic acid.
RESUMO
In a generic model of excitable media, we simulate wave emission from a heterogeneity (WEH) induced by an electric field. Based on the WEH effect, a rotating electric field is proposed to terminate existed spatiotemporal turbulence. Compared with the effects resulted by a periodic pulsed electric field, the rotating electric field displays several improvements, such as lower required intensity, emitting waves on smaller obstacles, and shorter suppression time. Furthermore, due to rotation of the electric field, it can automatically source waves from the boundary of an obstacle with small curvature.
