The SUMO E3 Ligase MdSIZ1 Sumoylates a Cell Number Regulator MdCNR8 to Control Organ Size.

Plant growth and organ size putatively associated with crop yield are regulated by a complex network of genes including ones for controlling cell proliferation. The gene fw2.2 was first identified in tomatoes and reported to govern fruit size variation through controlling cell division. In this study, we isolated a putative ortholog of the tomato fw2.2 gene from apple, Cell Number Regulator 8 (MdCNR8). Our functional analysis showed that MdCNR8 may control fruit size and root growth. MdCNR8 was mediated by the SUMO E3 ligase MdSIZ1, and SUMOylation of MdCNR8 at residue-Lys39 promoted the translocation of MdCNR8 from plasma membrane to the nucleus. The effect of MdCNR8 in inhibiting root elongation could be completely counteracted by the coexpression of MdSIZ1. Moreover, the lower cell proliferation of apple calli due to silencing MdSIZ1 could be rescued by silencing MdCNR8. Collectively, our results showed that the MdSIZ1-mediated SUMOylation is required for the fulfillment of MdCNR8 in regulating cell proliferation to control plant organ size. This regulatory interaction between MdSIZ1 and MdCNR8 will facilitate understanding the mechanism underlying the regulation of organ size.

[A comparative study of silicon rubber impression and intraoral scanning impression in oral clinical teaching].

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess and compare patient satisfaction and time required between silicon rubber impression and intraoral scanning impression. METHODS: Six undergraduates participated in this study. silicon rubber impression and intraoral scanning impression were taken, the time required to obtain the impressions and the scores of visual analog scale(VAS) were recorded. SPSS 23.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The time and patients satisfaction of silicon rubber impression were better than intraoral scanning impressions, and there were significant differences between the two groups(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Using silicon rubber impression, the patient experience is better. To use intraoral scanning impression technology, dentists should be more skilled. With the role-playing method,dental interns can learn the operation key points and precautions of different impression-taking methods even better.

Overexpression of the Melatonin Synthesis-Related Gene SlCOMT1 Improves the Resistance of Tomato to Salt Stress.

Melatonin can increase plant resistance to stress, and exogenous melatonin has been reported to promote stress resistance in plants. In this study, a melatonin biosynthesis-related SlCOMT1 gene was cloned from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill. cv. Ailsa Craig), which is highly expressed in fruits compared with other organs. The protein was found to locate in the cytoplasm. Melatonin content in SlCOMT1 overexpression transgenic tomato plants was significantly higher than that in wild-type plants. Under 800 mM NaCl stress, the transcript level of SlCOMT1 in tomato leaf was positively related to the melatonin contents. Furthermore, compared with that in wild-type plants, levels of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide were lower while the content of proline was higher in SlCOMT1 transgenic tomatoes. Therefore, SlCOMT1 was closely associated with melatonin biosynthesis confers the significant salt tolerance, providing a clue to cope with the growing global problem of salination in agricultural production.