The compensatory role of T cells from lymph nodes in mice with splenectomy.

The spleen is a vital organ for the immune system, while splenectomy may be necessary for various reasons. However, there is limited research on the impact of splenectomy on T cell function in peripheral lymph nodes as a compensatory mechanism in preventing infections. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and function of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in different peripheral lymph nodes during viral infection using a well-established splenectomy model. The results revealed that splenectomy caused an increase in CD8+GP33+ T cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). Moreover, we demonstrated that splenectomy resulted in an increase of effector KLRG1+ T cells in the MLN. Additionally, the number of CD4+ cytotoxic T cells (CD4 CTLs) was also elevated in the peripheral lymph nodes of mice with splenectomy. Surprisingly, aged mice exhibited a stronger compensatory ability than adult mice, as evidenced by an increase in effector CD8+ T cells in all peripheral lymph nodes. These findings provide compelling evidence that T cells in MLN play a crucial role in protecting individuals with splenectomy against viral infections. The study offers new insights into understanding the changes in the immune system of individuals with splenectomy and highlights the potential compensatory mechanisms involved by T cells in peripheral lymph nodes.

Zfp335 establishes eTreg lineage and neonatal immune tolerance by targeting Hadha-mediated fatty acid oxidation.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are instrumental in maintaining immune tolerance and preventing destructive autoimmunity, but how heterogeneous Treg populations are established remains largely unknown. Here, we show that Zfp335 deletion in Tregs failed to differentiate into effector Tregs (eTregs) and lose Treg-suppressive function and that KO mice exhibited early-onset lethal autoimmune inflammation with unrestricted activation of conventional T cells. Single-cell RNA-Seq analyses revealed that Zfp335-deficient Tregs lacked a eTreg population and showed dramatic accumulation of a dysfunctional Treg subset. Mechanistically, Zfp335-deficient Tregs displayed reduced oxidative phosphorylation and dysfunctional mitochondrial activity. Further studies revealed that Zfp335 controlled eTreg differentiation by regulating fatty acid oxidation (FAO) through direct targeting of the FAO enzyme Hadha. Importantly, we demonstrate a positive correlation between ZNF335 and HADHA expression in human eTregs. Our findings reveal that Zfp335 controls FAO-driven eTreg differentiation to establish immune tolerance.

Lineage Tracking the Generation of T Regulatory Cells From Microbial Activated T Effector Cells in Naïve Mice.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for the maintenance of gut homeostasis by suppressing conventional CD4+ helper T cells (Tconvs) that are activated by microbial antigens. Although thymus is the major source of the peripheral Tregs, peripheral conversion from Tconvs to Tregs have also been shown to occur under various experimental conditions. It remains less clear about the frequency of lineage conversion from Tconvs to Tregs in naïve animals. Here we used a newly established reporter system to track a group of post expansion Tregs (eTregs), which exhibited a stronger suppressive ability than the non-lineage marked Tregs. Notably, microbial antigens are the primary driver for the formation of eTregs. TCR repertoire analysis of Peyer's patch T cells revealed that eTregs are clonally related to Tconvs, but not to the non-lineage tracked Tregs. Adoptive transfer of Tconvs into lymphopenic hosts demonstrated a conversion from Tconvs to eTregs. Thus, our lineage tracking method was able to capture the lineage conversion from microbial activated effector T cells to Tregs in naïve animals. This study suggests that a fraction of clonally activated T cells from the natural T cell repertoire exhibits lineage conversion to Tregs in response to commensal microbes under homeostatic conditions.

Treatment of Diffuse Planar Xanthoma of the Face after One Session of 1,444-nm Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet Laser

No abstract available.

A Prospective, Long-Term Follow-Up Study of 1,444 nm Nd:YAG Laser: A New Modality for Treating Axillary Bromhidrosis.

BACKGROUND: Surgery for bromhidrosis has a high risk of complications such as hematoma and necrosis. New nonsurgical methods may reduce the burden on surgery and the risks for the patient. OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and side-effects of the 1,444 nm Nd:YAG interstitial laser for treating axillary bromhidrosis. METHODS: Eighteen bromhidrosis patients were treated with a 1,444 nm Nd:YAG laser at Korea University Ansan Hospital. The post-treatment follow-up was 6 months. After the procedure, we confirmed apocrine gland destruction through histopathological examination. At each follow-up, we measured the severity of the remaining odor, postoperative pain, degree of mobility restriction, and overall satisfaction. RESULTS: After 180 days of follow-up, malodor elimination was good in 20 axillae, fair in 12 axillae, and poor in four axillae. At the end point of the study, 14 patients were totally satisfied with the laser treatment, three patients were partially satisfied, and one patient was disatisfied. Pain and limitation of mobility were significantly reduced within 1 week post-operatively, and were almost resolved within 4 weeks post-operatively. A histopathological examination revealed decreased density and significant alterations to the apocrine glands. CONCLUSION: Subdermal coagulation treatment with a 1,444 nm Nd:YAG interstitial laser may be a less invasive and effective therapy for axillary bromhidrosis.

A Prospective, Long-Term Follow-Up Study of 1,444 nm Nd:YAG Laser: A New Modality for Treating Axillary Bromhidrosis

BACKGROUND: Surgery for bromhidrosis has a high risk of complications such as hematoma and necrosis. New nonsurgical methods may reduce the burden on surgery and the risks for the patient. OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and side-effects of the 1,444 nm Nd:YAG interstitial laser for treating axillary bromhidrosis. METHODS: Eighteen bromhidrosis patients were treated with a 1,444 nm Nd:YAG laser at Korea University Ansan Hospital. The post-treatment follow-up was 6 months. After the procedure, we confirmed apocrine gland destruction through histopathological examination. At each follow-up, we measured the severity of the remaining odor, postoperative pain, degree of mobility restriction, and overall satisfaction. RESULTS: After 180 days of follow-up, malodor elimination was good in 20 axillae, fair in 12 axillae, and poor in four axillae. At the end point of the study, 14 patients were totally satisfied with the laser treatment, three patients were partially satisfied, and one patient was disatisfied. Pain and limitation of mobility were significantly reduced within 1 week post-operatively, and were almost resolved within 4 weeks post-operatively. A histopathological examination revealed decreased density and significant alterations to the apocrine glands. CONCLUSION: Subdermal coagulation treatment with a 1,444 nm Nd:YAG interstitial laser may be a less invasive and effective therapy for axillary bromhidrosis.

New Alternative Combination Therapy for Recalcitrant Common Warts: The Efficacy of Imiquimod 5% Cream and Duct Tape Combination Therapy

No abstract available.

Acute Vesico-Bullous Eruption from Methotrexate Overdose in a Psoriasis Patient

No abstract available.

A case of ruptured infected aneurysm of abdominal aorta caused by septic salmonellosis / 대한내과학회지

Salmonella infected aneurysm of aorta is one of the local complications by systemic salmonellosis. We have experienced a case of the rupture of infected abdominal aortic aneurysm in 47-year old man. He was admitted because of 39degrees C fever, abdominal pain, back pain of 7 day's duration. Diabetes mellitus had been diagnosed previously, but not managed. Abdominal CT scans showed aneurysmal dilatation with periaortic air bubbles and severe atherosclerotic change of abdominal aorta from renal hilum to the iliac bifurcation level. Blood cluture yielded Salmonella group B strains. He was treated with intravenous ceftriaxone, metronidazole, ciprofloxacin. On the seventh hospital day, the patient showed sign of shock with blood pressure 80/60 mmHg and comatous conciousness. Abdominal CT scans revealed the rupture of infected aneurysm of abdominal aorta just superior to the iliac artery bifurcation. The patient had not underwent surgery, then he was expired.

A case of ruptured infected aneurysm of abdominal aorta caused by septic salmonellosis / 대한내과학회지

Salmonella infected aneurysm of aorta is one of the local complications by systemic salmonellosis. We have experienced a case of the rupture of infected abdominal aortic aneurysm in 47-year old man. He was admitted because of 39degrees C fever, abdominal pain, back pain of 7 day's duration. Diabetes mellitus had been diagnosed previously, but not managed. Abdominal CT scans showed aneurysmal dilatation with periaortic air bubbles and severe atherosclerotic change of abdominal aorta from renal hilum to the iliac bifurcation level. Blood cluture yielded Salmonella group B strains. He was treated with intravenous ceftriaxone, metronidazole, ciprofloxacin. On the seventh hospital day, the patient showed sign of shock with blood pressure 80/60 mmHg and comatous conciousness. Abdominal CT scans revealed the rupture of infected aneurysm of abdominal aorta just superior to the iliac artery bifurcation. The patient had not underwent surgery, then he was expired.