Photoinduced Alkylsulfonylation and Cyanoalkylsulfonylation of Morita-Baylis-Hillman Adducts via Multicomponent Insertion of Sulfur Dioxide.

General and convenient visible-light-promoted alkylsulfonylation and cyanoalkylsulfonylation of MBH adducts have been developed through the multicomponent insertion of sulfur dioxide, enabling the assembly of two C-S bonds to generate structurally diverse allylic alkylsulfones (43 examples in total). The reaction of MBH adducts with potassium alkyltrifluoroborates and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis(sulfur dioxide) adduct afforded sulfones with generally good yields. Notably, the addition of N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine as a base into the photocatalytic system led to yielding an alkyl sulfonyl unit and cyano group-anchored trisubstituted alkenes by utilizing cycloketone oxime esters as C-radical precursors. Both of these reactions have constructed two C-S bonds, and all desired products were obtained in moderate to excellent yields with complete stereospecificity.

The effect of continuous midwifery services on the delivery mode, labor progress, and nursing satisfaction of primiparas during natural deliveries.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of continuous midwifery services on the delivery mode, labor progress, and primiparas' nursing satisfaction levels during natural deliveries. METHODS: 340 primiparas admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to June 2020 were recruited as the study cohort and randomized into a continuous midwifery group and a traditional midwifery group, with 170 patients in each group. They underwent traditional midwifery nursing services and continuous midwifery services, respectively. The two groups' delivery modes, labor progress, analgesic methods, perinatal Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) scores, postpartum hemorrhage amounts, Apgar scores, and nursing satisfaction levels were compared. RESULTS: The natural delivery rate in the continuous midwifery group was higher than it was in the traditional midwifery group (P<0.05). The maternal non-drug analgesia rate in the continuous midwifery group was higher than it was in the traditional midwifery group (P<0.05). The duration of the first stage in the continuous midwifery group was shorter than it was in the traditional midwifery group (P<0.05). The comparisons made during the second and third stages in the two groups showed no statistical differences (P>0.05). The SAS scores in the continuous midwifery group were significantly better than the SAS scores in the traditional midwifery group at the time of waiting for delivery and at one day after delivery (P<0.01). The postpartum hemorrhage amounts in the continuous midwifery group were lower than they were in the traditional midwifery group (P<0.01). The neonatal Apgar scores and maternal nursing satisfaction levels in the continuous midwifery group were better than they were in the traditional midwifery group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Continuous delivery services for primiparas during natural delivery can significantly increase the natural delivery rate, reduce the use of analgesics, shorten the delivery times, alleviate the delivery-related anxiety levels in the primiparas, reduce postpartum hemorrhages, effectively improve the delivery outcomes, improve the quality of the newborns, and improve the primiparas' nursing satisfaction levels, so it is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Dual RNA-seq uncovers the immune response of Larimichthys crocea to the secY gene of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida from the perspective of host-pathogen interactions.

Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is a Gram-negative aerobic bacterium that causes high mortality and serious economic losses in some commercial marine fish. Expression of secY was found to be significantly upregulated at 18 °C compared to 28 °C by RNA-seq and qRT-PCR. All five tested recombinant vectors (pCM130/tac + shRNA) significantly reduced secY mRNA levels in P. plecoglossicida. The recombinant vector encoding shRNA-1165 exhibited the best gene-silencing efficiency, 82.4% and was used to create an RNAi strain for further studies. Compared with the wildtype strain, infections of Larimichthys crocea with the RNAi strain resulted in a 2-day delay in onset time and a 35% reduction in mortality, as well as the alleviation of spleen symptoms. The spleens of L. crocea infected by the wild type or RNAi strain of P. plecoglossicida were subjected to dual RNA-seq at 2 dpi. Compared with the wildtype strain, infection of P. plecoglossicida with the RNAi strain resulted in significant changes in the transcriptomes of both host and pathogen. KEGG analysis showed that the complement and coagulation cascade and the Toll-like receptor signalling pathway were the most enriched host pathways. In the pathogen, genes of the "Sec secretion system" were significantly downregulated. This downregulation of "Sec secretion system" genes hindered the secretion of bacterial proteins and reduced the virulence of P. plecoglossicida. Thus, it was easier for L. crocea to clear the RNAi strain of P. plecoglossicida, and the immune response was similarly reduced. The results indicated that secY was a virulence gene of P. plecoglossicida and played roles in the host-pathogen interactions of L. crocea and P. plecoglossicida.