Prevalence of anisometropia and influencing factors among school-age children in Nantong, China: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of anisometropia and associated parameters among school-aged children in Nantong, China. Methods: This school-based, cross-sectional study examined students from primary schools, junior high schools, and senior high schools in an urban area of Nantong, China. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the specific correlations between anisometropia and related parameters. Non-cycloplegic autorefraction was assessed for each student. Anisometropia was defined as the spherical equivalent refraction (SE) difference ≥ 1.0 D between eyes. Results: A total of 9,501 participants were validated for analyses, of which 53.2% (n = 5,054) were male, and 46.8% (n = 4,447) were female. The mean of age was 13.32 ± 3.49 years, ranging from 7-19 years. The overall prevalence of anisometropia was 25.6%. Factors such as myopia, scoliosis screening positive, hyperopia, female sex, older age, and higher weight had a significantly higher risk of anisometropia (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of anisometropia in school-age children. Some physical examination parameters are closely related to children's anisometropia, especially myopia and scoliosis. Preventing myopia and controlling its progression may be the most important ways to reduce the prevalence of anisometropia. Correcting scoliosis may be an important factor in controlling the prevalence of anisometropia, and maintaining good reading and writing posture may be helpful in controlling the prevalence of anisometropia.

Changes of Choroidal Thickness in Children after Short-erm Application of 1% Atropine Gel.

INTRODUCTION: To assess changes of choroidal thickness (ChT) after administration of 1% atropine for 1 week in myopia, emmetropia, and hyperopia children. METHODS: A total of 235 children aged 4-8 years, which included 46 myopia, 34 emmetropia, and 155 hyperopia patients were recruited and divided into three groups according to the spherical equivalent with the use of 1% atropine twice a day for 1 week. The ChT was measured at baseline and 1 week. RESULTS: In the myopia and emmetropia groups, following administration of 1% atropine gel, the ChT thickened significantly under the fovea (i.e., from 278.29 ± 53.01 µm to 308.24 ± 57.3 µm, P < 0.05; from 336.10 ± 78.60 µm to 353.46 ± 70.22 µm, P < 0.05, respectively) and at all intervals from the fovea, while in the hyperopia group, there was no significant difference in the ChT except the nasal side (P < 0.05) . CONCLUSION: Topical administration of 1% atropine gel for 1 week significantly increased the subfoveal and parafoveal ChT in children with myopia and emmetropia. Atropine did not increase the ChT in hyperopia children, except at the nasal side.

Normal diameters of abdominal aorta and common iliac artery in middle-aged and elderly Chinese Han people based on CTA.

To investigate the normal diameter of the abdominal aorta and common iliac arteries of the middle-aged and elderly people in China and the relationship of the diameters with age, sex, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and body surface area (BSA). This retrospective study enrolled 625 patients including 380 males and 245 females aged 60.00 years (interquartile range 13.00 years). All clinical data and the diameters of the abdominal aorta and common iliac arteries were analyzed. The diameter of the abdominal aorta was 21.49 ± 2.49 mm at the proximal, 16.94 (interquartile range 2.39) mm at the middle, and 15.65 (interquartile range 2.90) mm at the distal segment. The diameter of the common iliac artery was 10.76 (interquartile range 1.99) mm at the right proximal, 10.41 (interquartile range 2.05) mm at the left proximal, 10.74 (interquartile range 2.25) mm at the right distal, and 10.67 (interquartile range 2.22) mm at the left distal segment. The height, weight, BSA, BMI, diameters of the proximal, middle and distal abdominal aorta as well as the proximal and distal left and right common iliac arteries were significantly higher in males than those in females (P < .001). Height, weight, BSA, and BMI were significantly (P < .001) positively correlated with the diameter of the abdominal aorta and common iliac artery at the proximal, middle, and distal segments. The middle and distal diameters of the abdominal aorta were significantly higher in males than those in females (P < .05). The diameter of the abdominal aorta at the proximal, middle, and distal segment as well as the diameter of the left and right common iliac artery at the distal segment were significantly (P < .05) increased with age. The normal values of the diameter of the abdominal aorta and common iliac arteries are suggested for the middle-aged and elderly Chinese people for clinical reference. The diameters are gender related and significantly positively correlated with BSA, height, weight, and BMI, which is beneficial for the diagnosis and treatment planning of relevant vascular diseases.

Prevalence of myopia and influencing factors among high school students in Nantong, China: A cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: Myopia is an increasingly serious health problem in China. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of myopia and the factors associated with it among students in Nantong, China, to show the current status of myopia prevention. METHODS: This school-based, cross-sectional study examined students from all high schools in an urban area of Nantong, China. At least two classes were randomly selected from each grade of each school. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect the required information.Univariate analyses were performed to identify associations between myopia and various parameters.Non-cycloplegic autorefraction and visual acuity were assessed for each student. Factors that were statistically significant in univariate analyses were selected for multivariate analyses. Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent refraction of ≤ -0.5 diopters. RESULTS: The completion percentage of students out of the whole high school was 6.5%.The overall prevalence of myopia was 94%. The response percentage of the number of validated questionnaires was 90.2%, of which 50.2% (n = 1,466) were from male participants, and 49.8% (n = 1,452) were from female participants. The mean (SD) of age was 15.22±1.75 years, ranging from 12-18 years. Factors such as female sex, older age, parental myopia, sitting in the back of the classroom, increased homework time, and minimal outdoor activity were significantly associated with a higher risk of myopia (P < 0.05). In the myopic population, most students (67.9%) did not take measures to prevent further progression of myopia. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of myopia among high school students was 94%. Female sex, older age, parental myopia, sitting in the back of the classroom, increased homework time, and minimal outdoor activity were significantly associated with a higher risk of myopia. Most students with myopia (67.9%) did not take measures to prevent further progression of myopia.

Microbial composition and nitrogen removal pathways in a novel sequencing batch reactor integrated with semi-fixed biofilm carrier: evidence from a pilot study for low- and high-strength sewage treatment.

The sequencing batch reactor (SBR) activated sludge process is a well-established technology for sewage treatment. One of the drawbacks of SBRs, however, total nitrogen (TN) removals is insufficient. By means of introducing four improvements, including semi-fixed biofilm carrier, sludge elevation mixing and change for the mode of influent and effluent, compliant standard for TN discharge was obtained in this novel SBR configuration during low- and high-strength sewage load. To illustrate the microbial compositions and functions of the attached biofilm on semi-fixed carrier and the suspended aggregates, as well as the nitrogen removal pathway, high throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, PICRUSt2 algorithm, and KEGG database were applied. The results revealed that (i) the microbial communities from suspended aggregates and biofilm samples were significantly different from each other; (ii) during low-strength sewage loads, TN removal was mainly by nitrification-denitrification. The suspended aggregates was responsible for denitrification, while the biofilm was focused on ammonium oxidation; (iii) during high-strength sewage loads, function of nitrate reductase from suspended aggregates was faded, and anammox and N assimilation by biofilm became dominant. Meanwhile, TN removal referring to the formation of L-glutamine via assimilation was the main pathway.

Comparative Study of the Effects of 1% Atropine on the Anterior Segment.

PURPOSE: To investigate the influences of atropine on changes in anterior segment geometry, as measured by ultrasound biomicroscopy in children. METHODS: A prospective observational study was performed. Anterior segment parameters were obtained by UBM before and after the instillation of 1% atropine. Univariate linear regression was performed to identify the variables contributing to the changes in the trabecular meshwork-iris angle (TIA). RESULTS: The study included 21 boys and 37 girls with a mean age of 10.79 ± 2.53 years. Anterior chamber parameters including the central anterior chamber depth, TIA, angle opening distance at 500 µm from the scleral spur, iris thickness 750 µm and 1500 µm from the scleral spur, trabecular-ciliary angle (TCA), trabecular-ciliary process distance, sclera-iris angle (SIA), and sclera-ciliary process angle significantly increased after cycloplegia (P < 0.05). In contrast, the lens vault, iris cross-sectional area, and maximum ciliary muscle thickness significantly decreased after cycloplegia. Univariate analysis identified the change in TCA and the change in SIA and the TIA before mydriasis as determinants of the change in TIA. CONCLUSIONS: Atropine causes statistically significant changes in various anterior segment parameters in children. The change in anterior chamber angle is associated with the change in TCA and the change in SIA and the TIA before mydriasis.

Resveratrol protects against CIH-induced myocardial injury by targeting Nrf2 and blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

The prominent feature of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). Given the strong antioxidant ability of resveratrol against oxidative stress, we evaluated the potential protective effects of resveratrol on myocardial injury induced by CIH. Twenty-four rats were divided into normal control group, CIH group, CIH plus resveratrol treated (CIH + Res) group, and resveratrol treated control (Res) group. We proved that CIH impaired cardiac structure and function with an increase in oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and NOD-like receptors (NLRP3) inflammasome induction in heart, which was attenuated after resveratrol administration. NLRP3 inflammasome blockade by resveratrol appeared to be mediated by activating AMP-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK), which could restrain mTOR/TTP/NLRP3 mRNA signalling. Furthermore, resveratrol attenuated CIH-induced oxidative stress through elevation antioxidant molecules expression via NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). Moreover, AMPK may play a role in Nrf2/HO-1 signalling by resveratrol. These results expand our understanding of the myocardial protective mechanism of resveratrol during CIH and suggest that resveratrol treatment may be useful to counteract OSA-associated cardiac injury.

Resveratrol prevents chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced cardiac hypertrophy by targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

AIMS: Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound that has received much attention for its use in ameliorating various systemic pathological conditions. The present study was performed to investigate whether the resveratrol alleviated cardiac hypertrophy and functional remodelling by regulating autophagy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male rats were exposed to CIH 8 h/day for five weeks and/or intragastric administration of resveratrol daily. The morphological and echocardiography were used to evaluate the cardiac protective effects. The apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining. The biochemical assessments were used to evaluate oxidative stress. Further, the effect of resveratrol on autophagy and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was investigated. KEY FINDINGS: The CIH group exhibited increased heart weight/body weight and left ventricle weight/body weight ratios, which was accompanied by left ventricular remodelling. Echocardiography analysis showed that CIH-treated rats had significantly higher left ventricular posterior wall thickness, ejection fraction and fractional shortening than those of controls. In addition, the apoptosis index and oxidative markers were significantly elevated in the CIH group versus the control. The autophagy marker Beclin-1 was elevated, while p62 was decreased by CIH treatment. Resveratrol treatment significantly improved cardiac function and alleviated cardiac hypertrophy, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in CIH rats. Further results indicated that PI3K/AKT pathway-mediated inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway played a role in the activation of autophagy by resveratrol after CIH stimulation. SIGNIFICANCE: In conclusion, resveratrol supplementation during CIH upregulates autophagy by targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which appears to be beneficial for resisting cardiac hypertrophy.

Comparative transcriptomics reveals the selection patterns of domesticated ramie.

Although domestication has dramatically altered the phenotype, physiology, and life history of ramie (Boehmeria nivea) plants, few studies have investigated the effects of domestication on the structure and expression pattern of genes in this fiber crop. To investigate the selective pattern and genetic relationships among a cultivated variety of ramie (BNZ: B. nivea, ZZ1) and four wild species, BNT (B. nivea var. tenacissima), BNN (B. nivea var. nipononivea), BNW (B. nivea var. nivea), and BAN (B. nivea var. viridula), in the section Tilocnide, we performed an RNA sequencing analysis of these ramie species. The de novo assembly of the "all-ramie" transcriptome yielded 119,114 unigenes with an average length of 633 bp, and a total of 7,084 orthologous gene pairs were identified. The phylogenetic tree showed that the cultivar BNZ clustered with BAN in one group, BNW was closely related to BNT, and BNN formed a separate group. Introgression analysis indicated that gene flow occurred from BNZ to BNN and BAN, and between BAN and BNN. Among these orthologs, 2,425 and 269 genes underwent significant purifying and positive selection, respectively. For these positively selected genes, oxidation-reduction process (GO:0055114) and stress response pathways (GO:0006950) were enriched, indicating that modulation of the cellular redox status was important during both ramie fiber evolution and improvement. Two genes related to the suppression of flowering and one gene annotated as a flowering-promoting factor were subjected to positive selection, probably caused by human manipulation. Additionally, five genes were homologs of those involved in abiotic stress tolerance and disease resistance, with higher expression levels in the cultivar BNZ than in the wild species. Collectively, the results of this study indicated that domestication has resulted in the upregulation of many genes involved in the abiotic and biotic stress responses, fiber yield, and plant growth of ramie.

Hydrogen protects against chronic intermittent hypoxia induced renal dysfunction by promoting autophagy and alleviating apoptosis.

AIMS: Hydrogen gas (H2) has a diversity of effects such as anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. However, molecular mechanism underlying the potential effect of H2 on chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) induced renal injury remains obscure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present study, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into four groups: control (CON) group, CIH group, CIH with H2 treatment (CIH + H2) group, and control with H2 treatment (CON + H2) group. Oxidative stress, autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were detected to determine how H2 affected the renal function of CIH exposed rats. KEY FINDINGS: We demonstrated that rats who inhale hydrogen gas showed improved renal function, alleviated pathological damage, oxidative stress and apoptosis in CIH rats. Meanwhile, CIH-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress was decreased by H2 as the expressions of CHOP, caspase-12, and GRP78 were down-regulated. Furthermore, relative higher levels of LC3-II/I ratio and Beclin-1, with decreased expression of p62, were found after H2 administrated. Inhibition of mTOR may be involved in the upregulation of autophagy by H2. Finally, increased phosphorylation of p38 and JNK was involved in the CIH-induced pathological process. H2 could inhibit the activation of p38 and JNK, suggesting H2 played an active part in resisting renal injury via MAPK. SIGNIFICANCE: Taken together, our study reveals that H2 can ameliorate CIH-induced kidney injury by decreasing endoplasmic reticulum stress and activating autophagy through inhibiting oxidative stress-dependent p38 and JNK MAPK activation.

Hydrogen and Oxygen Mixture to Improve Cardiac Dysfunction and Myocardial Pathological Changes Induced by Intermittent Hypoxia in Rats.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can cause intermittent changes in blood oxygen saturation, resulting in the generation of many reactive oxygen species (ROS). To discover new antioxidants and clarify the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress involved in cardiac injury in OSA, we established a chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) rat model with a fraction of inspired O2 (FiO2) ranging from 21% to 9%, 20 times/h for 8 h/day, and the rats were treated with H2-O2 mixture (67% hydrogen and 33% oxygen) for 2 h/day for 35 days. Our results showed that H2-O2 mixture remarkably improved cardiac dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis. We found that H2-O2 mixture inhalation declined ER stress-induced apoptosis via three major response pathways: PERK-eIF2α-ATF4, IRE 1-XBP1, and ATF 6. Furthermore, we revealed that H2-O2 mixture blocked c-Jun N-terminal kinase- (JNK-) MAPK activation, increased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, and inhibited caspase 3 cleavage to protect against CIH-induced cardiac apoptosis. In addition, H2-O2 mixture considerably decreased ROS levels via upregulating superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) as well as downregulating NADPH oxidase (NOX 2) expression in the hearts of CIH rats. All the results demonstrated that H2-O2 mixture significantly reduced ER stress and apoptosis and that H2 might be an efficient antioxidant against the oxidative stress injury induced by CIH.

Hydrogen Gas Alleviates Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Renal Injury through Reducing Iron Overload.

Iron-induced oxidative stress has been found to be a central player in the pathogenesis of kidney injury. Recent studies have indicated H2 can be used as a novel antioxidant to protect cells. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects of H2 against chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH)-induced renal injury and its correlation mechanism involved in iron metabolism. We found that CIH-induced renal iron overloaded along with increased apoptosis and oxidative stress. Iron accumulates mainly occurred in the proximal tubule epithelial cells of rats as showed by Perl's stain. Moreover, we found that CIH could promote renal transferrin receptor and divalent metal transporter-1 expression, inhibit ceruloplasmin expression. Renal injury, apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by CIH were strikingly attenuated in H2 treated rats. In conclusion, hydrogen may attenuate CIH-induced renal injury at least partially via inhibiting renal iron overload.

Hydrogen gas reduces chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced hypertension by inhibiting sympathetic nerve activity and increasing vasodilator responses via the antioxidation.

Molecular hydrogen is reported to be used medically to ameliorate various systemic pathological conditions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of hydrogen (H2 ) gas on hypertension induced by intermittent hypoxia in rats. The adult rats were exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) 8 hours/day for 5 weeks and/or H 2 gas 2 hours/day. We found that the systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) increased significantly in rats exposed to intermittent hypoxia, both of which were markedly attenuated after H treatment. Furthermore, intermittent hypoxia exposure elevated renal sympathetic nerve activity, consistent with plasma norepinephrine. Additionally, H 2 gas significantly improved CIH-induced abnormal vascular relaxation. Nevertheless, inhalation of H 2 gas alone did not cause such changes. Moreover, H 2 gas-treated rats exposed to CIH showed a significant reduction in 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine content and increases in superoxide dismutase activity, indicating improved oxidative stress. Taken together, these results indicate that H 2 gas has significant effects on the reduction of BP without any side effects. Mechanistically, inhibition of sympathetic activity and reduction of systemic vascular resistance may participate in this process via the antioxidant activity of H 2 .

Hydrogen ameliorates chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced neurocognitive impairment via inhibiting oxidative stress.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a very common breathing and sleep disorder characterized by intermittent hypoxia (IH), which is often associated with behavioral and neurocognitive functions impairment. Hydrogen (H2), as a novel and effective antioxidant, is reported to be a potential neuroprotective agent. The aim of this study is to investigate whether H2 could improve CIH-induced neurocognitive impairment and the related mechanism. Rats were exposed to IH for 5 weeks (8 h/day) and/or inhalation of H2 gas 2 h/day. Morris Water Maze test was used to appraise the spatial reference and working memory. The oxidative stress was evaluated through the level of MDA and SOD and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons was assayed with Bcl-2/Bax ratio and TUNEL staining. Our results showed that H2 treatment improved the CIH-induced spatial learning and memory impairments. Moreover, inhalation of H2 gas reduced the level of MDA and increased in the activity of SOD, indicating suppressed CIH-induced oxidative stress. In addition, H2 could increase expression of Bcl-2/Bax ratio and inhibited neurons apoptosis in hippocampus. In conclusion, these results suggest that inhalation of H2 could attenuate the CIH-induced neurocognitive functions impairment via anti-oxidant and anti-apoptosis effect. Additional, our findings may provide a potential therapeutic for neurocognitive diseases in patients with OSA.

Draft genome sequence of ramie, Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich.

Ramie, Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich, family Urticaceae, is a plant native to eastern Asia, and one of the world's oldest fibre crops. It is also used as animal feed and for the phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated farmlands. Thus, the genome sequence of ramie was determined to explore the molecular basis of its fibre quality, protein content and phytoremediation. For further understanding ramie genome, different paired-end and mate-pair libraries were combined to generate 134.31 Gb of raw DNA sequences using the Illumina whole-genome shotgun sequencing approach. The highly heterozygous B. nivea genome was assembled using the Platanus Genome Assembler, which is an effective tool for the assembly of highly heterozygous genome sequences. The final length of the draft genome of this species was approximately 341.9 Mb (contig N50 = 22.62 kb, scaffold N50 = 1,126.36 kb). Based on ramie genome annotations, 30,237 protein-coding genes were predicted, and the repetitive element content was 46.3%. The completeness of the final assembly was evaluated by benchmarking universal single-copy orthologous genes (BUSCO); 90.5% of the 1,440 expected embryophytic genes were identified as complete, and 4.9% were identified as fragmented. Phylogenetic analysis based on single-copy gene families and one-to-one orthologous genes placed ramie with mulberry and cannabis, within the clade of urticalean rosids. Genome information of ramie will be a valuable resource for the conservation of endangered Boehmeria species and for future studies on the biogeography and characteristic evolution of members of Urticaceae.

Development of a core collection for ramie by heuristic search based on SSR markers.

There are more than 2000 ramie germplasms in the National Ramie Germplasm Nursery affiliated with the Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, China. As it is difficult to perform effective conservation, management, evaluation, and utilization of redundant genetic resources, it is necessary to construct a core collection by using molecular markers. In this study, a core collection of ramie consisting of 22 germplasms was constructed from 108 accessions by heuristic search based on 21 Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) marker combinations. The results showed that there is a poor relationship between the core collection and the geographic distribution. The number of amplification bands for the core collection was the same as that for the entire collection. Shannon's index for three of the SSR primers (14%) and Nei's index for nine of the SSR primers (19%) were lower in the core collection than in the entire collection. The true core collection had wider genetic diversity compared with the random core collection. Collectively, the core collection constructed in this study is reliable and represents the genetic diversity of all the 108 accessions.

Deep extractive and oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene with C5H9NO·SnCl2 coordinated ionic liquid.

A new C5H9NO·SnCl2 coordinated ionic liquid (IL) was prepared by reacting N-methyl-pyrrolidone with anhydrous SnCl2. Desulfurization of dibenzothiophene (DBT) via extraction and oxidation with C5H9NO·SnCl2 IL as extractant, H2O2 and equal mol of CH3COOH as oxidants was investigated. The Nernst partition coefficients k(N) of C5H9NO·SnCl2 IL for the DBT in n-octane was above 5.0, showing its excellent extraction ability. During the oxidative desulfurization process, the optimal molar ratio of H2O2/DBT was six. Sulfur removal of DBT in n-octane was 94.8% in 30 min at 30 °C under the conditions of H2O2/DBT molar ratio of six and V (IL):V (oil)=1:3. Moreover, the sulfur removal increased with increasing temperature because of the high reaction rate constant, low viscosity, and high solubility of dibenzothiophene-sulfone in the IL. The kinetics of oxidative desulfurization of DBT was also investigated, and the apparent activation energy was found to be 32.5 kJ/mol. The IL could be recycled six times without a significant decrease in activity.

[Effect of heat treatment on the electrocatalytic activity of SnO2/Ti anode in degradation of p-benzoquinone].

Sb-doped SnO2/Ti anode was prepared in our lab with thermal decomposition method, and in the same time, the effect of heat treatment on the properties of the electrode also was studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the surface characterization of the electrodes. X-ray photoelectro-spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were carried out to study the chemical state of elements, Sn and Sb. The potentiodynamic polarization behaviors of the two anodes in different solutions were performed. Galvanostatic electrolyses were carried out at 5 mA/cm2 to study the electrocatalytic activity of the two anodes in removing organic pollutant. SEM showed that the electrodes had the same well-known cracked-mud structure, while the electrode annealed in O2 [SnO2/Ti(O2)] had more larger surface area than the electrode annealed in the air [SnO2/Ti(air)]. XPS measurements showed that the binding energies of both Sn3d(5/2) and Sb3d(5/2) of SnO2/Ti(O2) were 0.15 eV smaller than what of the SnO2/Ti(air) film. Both of the electrochemical measurements and electrolyses results confirmed that SnO2/Ti(O2) was more active in the degradation of organic pollutant. The galvanostatic electrolyses lasted until the solutions were decoloured throughly, 76.3% of total organic carbon (TOC) was removed with SnO2/Ti(O2), compared with 63.3% of SnO2/Ti(air). The similar exponential rules were driven for the variations of residual TOC concentration with two anodes.