Impact of workplace incivility against new nurses on job burn-out: a cross-sectional study in China.

This study had three objectives: (1) to investigate the impact of workplace incivility on job burn-out of new nursing staff, (2) to verify the partial mediating role of anxiety in the relationship between workplace incivility and job burn-out, (3) to examine the resilience moderating the relations between workplace incivility and job burn-out. DESIGN: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in May 2016 in China. SETTING: The survey was conducted in 54 cities across 29 provinces of China. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 903 participants were invited. Ultimately, 696 new nurses (<3 service years) completed valid questionnaires. The effective response rate was 77.1%. Entry criteria: voluntary participation, having less than three service years and being a registered nurse. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: being an irregular nurse, having more than three service years and refusing to participate in this work. OUTCOME MEASURES: An anonymous questionnaire was distributed among new nurses. The relationships and mechanism among the variables were explored using descriptive statistical analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS: The findings showed that workplace incivility was positively correlated with anxiety (r=0.371, p<0.01) and job burn-out (r=0.238, p<0.01) of new nurses. The positive relation between anxiety (ß=0.364, p<0.01) and job burn-out (ß=0.240, p<0.01) was also significant. Moreover, anxiety partially mediated (z=7.807, p<0.01) and resilience moderated (ß=-0.564, p<0.01) the association between workplace incivility and job burn-out. CONCLUSION: Experience of workplace incivility by new nurses would likely generate anxiety in the victims. Further, the increased anxiety state could elevate their level of job burn-out. New nurses with high levels of resilience could buffer the negative influence of workplace incivility by using a positive coping style.

Prevalence of Workplace Violence Against Chinese Nurses and Its Association with Mental Health: A Cross-sectional Survey.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study to investigate the prevalence of workplace violence (WPV) in nurses in hospitals in China, and its influence on nurses' mental health. METHODS: A cross-sectional, anonymous survey was conducted with 886 nurses (effective response rate: 87.46%) from Heilongjiang Province of China. RESULTS: Findings revealed that 595 of the 886 participating nurses (67.2%) were exposed to different levels of WPV. Further, WPV was correlated positively with nurses' anxiety (r=0.256, P<0.01) and depression (r=0.131, P<0.01) levels. In addition, this survey demonstrated that service years (r=0.263, P<0.01) played a moderating role in the relationship between WPV and anxiety, and gender (r=0.135, P<0.01) played a moderating role in the association between WPV and depression. CONCLUSIONS: WPV is an extensive problem in the work setting of nurses and it poses a major threat to Chinese nurses. Chinese nurses encounter hospital workplace violence frequently, and WPV has a considerably negative impact on the mental health and well-being of the nurses. It is critical to establish a more secure working environment for Chinese nursing staff to minimize the health threats caused by the negative outcomes associated with WPV, such as symptoms caused by anxiety and depression. This study also confirmed that new nurses and female nurses were more likely to be affected by WPV. Thus, addressing WPV should be one of the top concerns for both the government and the society.

Impact of workplace violence against nurses' thriving at work, job satisfaction and turnover intention: A cross-sectional study.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the interrelationships between workplace violence, thriving at work and turnover intention among Chinese nurses and to explore the action mechanism among these variables. BACKGROUND: Workplace violence is a dangerous occupational hazard globally, and it is pervasive in the health service industry. As a corollary, workplace violence may produce many negative outcomes among nursing staff. Consequently, it hinders nurses' professional performance and reduces nursing quality. DESIGN: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted. METHODS: A total of 1,024 nurses from 26 cities in China were recruited from February-May 2016. An anonymous questionnaire was used in this survey. Participants' completed data were collected using a demographics form and a 26-item questionnaire consisting of scales addressing workplace violence, thriving at work, job satisfaction, subjective well-being and turnover intention. To evaluate multivariate relationships, some multiple linear hierarchical regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: Workplace violence significantly negatively influenced nurses' job satisfaction and thriving at work, and significantly positively influenced nurses' turnover intention. Job satisfaction significantly predicted thriving at work and turnover intention. Job satisfaction not only fully mediated the relationship between workplace violence and thriving at work, but also partially mediated the relationship between workplace violence and turnover intention. Subjective well-being moderated the relationship between workplace violence and job satisfaction and the relationship between workplace violence and nurses' turnover intention. CONCLUSIONS: Adverse effects of workplace violence were demonstrated in this study. Decreases in job satisfaction were a vital mediating factor. The moderating effect of subjective well-being was helpful in reducing the harm of workplace violence to nurses and in decreasing their turnover intention. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Workplace violence and its negative impact on nursing work should not go unnoticed by nursing managers. Nurses' subjective well-being is critical in controlling and mitigating the adverse effects of workplace violence.

Relationships between actual and desired workplace characteristics and job satisfaction for community health workers in China: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Community health workers are the main providers of community health services in China and have been important in the process of health system reform that has been in place since 2009. Therefore, it is critical that healthcare managers and policy decision makers motivate current staff and improve their job satisfaction. This study examined workplace characteristics and their contribution to job satisfaction in community health workers in Heilongjiang Province, China. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 448 community health workers, from three cities in Heilongjiang province, was conducted between October 1, 2012 and December 31, 2012. Multistage sampling procedures were used to measure socioeconomic and demographic status, job satisfaction, and both actual and desired workplace characteristics. Factor analysis was conducted to determine the main factors contributing to workplace characteristics, and multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the key determinants of job satisfaction. RESULTS: Eight groups of factors were identified as the most important workplace characteristics. These comprised system and policy; fringe benefits; work itself; work relationships; professional development; recognition; work environment; and remuneration. In all cases, all desired workplace characteristics were higher than the associated actual workplace characteristics. The main determinants of job satisfaction were occupation, years worked in health service institution, and five subscales representing the gap between desired and actual workplace characteristics, which were system and policy; fringe benefits; working relationship; professional development; and remuneration. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggested that managers wishing to enhance job satisfaction should assess workplace characteristics comprehensively and design mechanisms that reduce the gap between actual and desired workplace characteristics.

Colon carcinoma treated with oxaliplatin and capecitabine in a 12-year-old child.

BACKGROUND: XELOX (oxaliplatin 130 mg/m(2) iv, capecitabine 1000 mg/m(2) bid oral d1-14, q3w) chemotherapy has never been used in children. In this report, we present a case of a 12-year-old girl with colon adenocarcinoma, treated with surgery and XELOX chemotherapy. METHODS: On admission, the girl complained of abdominal pain and intestinal obstruction. Physical examination revealed a distended abdomen with tenderness on the left upper quadrant. Barium enema revealed a stenotic lesion at the distal end of the transverse colon, and abdominal computed tomography showed acute obstruction and a colonic mass. Laparotomy was performed after the failure of conservative treatment. RESULTS: The mass was originated from the transverse colon. Frozen sections of the specimens revealed an adenocarcinoma. Transverse colectomy was performed and regional lymph nodes were removed. Pathological examination confirmed that the mass was a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, and XELOX chemotherapy was used. No evidence of recurrent or metastatic tumor was found after 18 months. CONCLUSION: Although complete resection is the most effective treatment, XELOX chemotherapy is beneficial to the improvement of clinical outcome of patients with colon adenocarcinoma.