Chronopathological aspects of disease incidence in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Rice seedlings maintained under uncontrolled glasshouse conditions were inoculated with conidial suspensions of a fungal pathogen, Helminthosporium oryzae, at various times during the 24h. Significant increase in the percent germination and germ tube length of conidia were observed in the rice samples inoculated at 02:00 and 06:00h. The 24 h temporal variation in leaf temperature was positively correlated with variation in stomatal movements. The results indicate a 24 h rhythm in the behavior of the fungal pathogen on the host in relation to the conditions of the growing environment. In all the inoculated seedlings, the appearance of a large number of brown leaf spots was confined to the light span. Among the plants inoculated, earlier initiation of brown leaf spot appearance, maximum number of leaf spots, and highest disease severity were observed when plants were inoculated at 02:00h. There was a positive correlation between disease severity of the host and in vivo values of percent germination of conidia and germ tube length of the pathogen in plants inoculated between 02:00 and 06:00h. The findings of this study implicate that light intensity and temperature could play a predominant role in controlling disease susceptibility rhythms in plants.

Influence of fusaric acid on circadian leaf movements of the cotton plant, Gossypium hirsutum.

The cotton plant, Gossypium hirsutum L. (cv. Lakshmi) exhibits circadian leaf movements. Fusaric acid (5-n butyl pyridine 2-carboxylic acid), an in vivo toxin shown to be produced during the pathogenesis of the wilt disease in cotton, causes phase shifts of the leaf movement rhythm that varied in degree and magnitude as a function of the treated phases. The data support the hypothesis that membranes play a vital role as a pacemaker in circadian rhythms.