Interplay between JAK/STAT pathway and non-coding RNAs in different cancers.

Progress in the identification of core multi-protein modules within JAK/STAT pathway has enabled researchers to develop a better understanding of the linchpin role of deregulated signaling cascade in carcinogenesis and metastasis. More excitingly, complex interplay between JAK/STAT pathway and non-coding RNAs has been shown to reprogramme the outcome of signaling cascade and modulate immunological responses within tumor microenvironment. Wealth of information has comprehensively illustrated that most of this complexity regulates the re-shaping of the immunological responses. Increasingly sophisticated mechanistic insights have illuminated fundamental role of STAT-signaling in polarization of macrophages to M2 phenotype that promotes disease aggressiveness. Overall, JAK/STAT signaling drives different stages of cancer ranging from cancer metastasis to the reshaping of the tumor microenvironment. JAK/STAT signaling has also been found to play role in the regulation of infiltration and activity of natural killer cells and CD4/CD8 cells by PD-L1/PD-1 signaling. In this review, we have attempted to set spotlight on regulation of JAK/STAT pathway by microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs in primary tumors and metastasizing tumors. Therefore, existing knowledge gaps need to be addressed to propel this fledgling field of research to the forefront and bring lncRNAs and circRNAs to the frontline of clinical practice. Leveraging the growing momentum will enable interdisciplinary researchers to gain transition from segmented view to a fairly detailed conceptual continuum.

Assessment of Satisfaction with Drug Provision of Antihypertensive Drugs at the Outpatient Level of Privileged Categories of Residens.

Background: The existing system of outpatient drug provision of citizens allows providing certain categories of citizens and patients with certain types of diseases on a free basis. The purpose of the study is to analysis and evaluate the system of providing preferential categories of citizens with antihypertensive drugs at the level of primary health care. Materials and Methods: To determine the level of satisfaction of citizens with drug provision at the outpatient level, 3118 respondents were interviewed using a questionnaire for persons who received free medicines for the treatment of hypertension. The questionnaire consisted of 20 questions. They were distributed by sex and age criterion. The ratio of male and female respondents was 51.7% and 48.7%, respectively. Results: Thus, the results of a sociological study to study the opinions of the population about the existing system of free outpatient care revealed some organizational and managerial problems. Although that patients with hypertension since 2012 receive drugs for free, 37% noted that they bought at full cost in pharmacies, which should be released free of charge for privileged categories of citizens. Also, 77% of respondents claimed that they were not invited to outpatient organizations to receive drugs. Conclusions: In solving the problems of improving the organization and management, it is necessary to take into account regional peculiarities, which allow, based on the use of a set of methods of analysis and forecasting, to assess the state and trends of development, to identify its strengths and weaknesses, to assess the factors of the external and internal environment.