Bilateral Ophthalmomyiasis Externa of Lid by Musca domestica: A Rare Presentation.

A case of severe blepharoconjunctivitis in the last three weeks diagnosed the slit lamp as external ophthalmomyiasis. On ocular examination, numerous pupae were present on the lid margins, firmly adhering to the lid lashes bilaterally. All of them were removed mechanically under topical anesthesia. They were 67 in number. Healing occurred without any complications. In such cases of blepharoconjunctivitis, physicians should consider the possibility of ophthalmomyiasis externa, especially in places where high numbers of livestock are found. Otherwise, there is a chance of missing the diagnosis, which can be met with a more serious condition called ophthalmomyiasis interna.

Prevalence of Retinopathy in Prediabetic Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Among the leading causes of vision impairment and blindness globally, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most important causes. There is increasing evidence of DR prevalence in the prediabetic population. This systematic review presents collective data on retinopathy in the prediabetic population. This review article aimed to estimate the reported prevalence of retinopathy in prediabetes, impaired glucose tolerance test (GTT) without diabetes mellitus, and the risk factors involved and to summarize it. Literature searches were done using the Web of Science, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Cochrane, EMBASE, and PubMed databases from inception to April 2023. Our search included the words prediabetes, DR, and risk factors. All searches were looked at for methodological quality and evidence. Thirty-one studies were included after the screening. Population-based data were used in 23 studies (82.1%). The prediabetic population screened was 10,539. The prevalence of retinopathy ranged between 0.3% and 20.9%, showing a median of 8.1% with an interquartile range (IQR) of 4.2-11%, showing great variance in estimates due to the use of different screening methods, methods used for retinopathy grading, and study populations. Several studies compared the population with normal GTT with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and inferred that there was a lower prevalence of retinopathy in the normal GTT population (3.0%, IQR 0.3-7.4%) than prediabetes (6.7%, IQR 1.9-10.1%). According to this data, a greater retinopathy prevalence was found in prediabetic populations.

Conjunctival Rotation Autograft for Pterygium: An Alternative to Conventional Conjunctival Autografting.

PURPOSE: To determine the safety and efficacy of conjunctival rotation autograft (CRA) as an alternative to conventional conjunctival autograft after pterygium excision and its complications and rate of recurrence. DESIGN: A prospective non-comparative interventional case study. METHODS: Conjunctival rotation autograft was performed under peribulbar block in 50 eyes with primary pterygium as well as recurrent pterygium of grade 1, 2 and 3 according to a morphological grading system. Patients were followed up for 12 months for complications like graft retraction, injection, recurrence, etc. RESULTS: A total of 55 CRAs were done in 50 eyes of 47 subjects in the study wherein grafts were attached by using the 10-0 nylon sutures in primary and recurrent pterygia. Mean follow up period was 11.67 months (Range 9-12 months). The most commonly found complications were graft injection in 16 (29.09%) cases and graft pigmentation in 5 (9.0%) cases. Injection was not associated with pterygium grade and was found to be statistically insignificant (P = 0.27). Recurrence was found only in 1 (1.8%) case in grade T3 recurrent pterygium. CONCLUSIONS: Conjunctival rotation autograft appears to be a successful and safe alternative to conjunctival autograft, with a relatively low rate of pterygium recurrence in this uncontrolled series. We advocate the use of CRA for cases of pterygium in which a conventional autograft is contraindicated or difficult. In addition, the procedure can be used as a primary surgical option in primary and recurrent pterygia.

Effect of vitamin C and E activity on surgically removed cataractous human lens epithelium cells.

Oxidative stress has been proposed as a common underlying mechanism of cataractogenesis. Experimental and observational data suggest that micronutrients like vitamin C and vitamin E with antioxidant capabilities may retard the development of age-related cataract. Effect of these factors on lens epithelium cells, center of lens metabolic activities, is not completely elucidated. The aim of present study was to examine the effect of vitamin C and E on surgically removed lens epithelium cells of patients with cataract. Capsulorhexis samples were collected from 170 patients, admitted for cataract surgery. Catalase specific activity was estimated in lens epithelium cells with and without vitamin (C or E) treatment at different concentration for different time duration. Student's t-test was employed for data analysis. We observed that in ex-vivo condition, a) both vitamin C and E bring about a decrease in catalase activity in lens epithelial cells. b) vitamin C showed toxic effect at high concentration. c) 100µM was the optimum concentration at which both vitamins showed maximum antioxidant activity. It was concluded that both vitamin C and E has direct effect on lens epithelium cells. At optimum concentration, they can reduce oxidative stress in these cells thus can support to prevent or delay cataract development.