Mesonia maritima sp. nov., isolated from seawater of the South Sea of Korea.

A yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, originally designated 15-S14-6T, was isolated from the southern coastal waters of Korea and was subjected to taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Strain 15-S14-6T was Gram-staining-negative, flagellated, rod-shaped and aerobic. The strain grew optimally at 25-30 °C, in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7.5-8.0. The results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that 15-S14-6T represented a member of the genus Mesonia and exhibited the highest sequence similarity (98.0 %) with Mesonia aquimarina IMCC1021T, followed by Mesonia mobilis KMM 6059T (96.7 %) and Mesonia phycicola MDSW-25T (96.1 %). DNA-DNA relatedness between 15-S14-6T and M. aquimarina IMCC1021T was 11.2±1.6 % (12.3±0.3 % in a reciprocal experiment). Strain 15-S14-6T had a DNA G+C content of 34.4 mol% and had MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone. Furthermore, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 were identified as the major fatty acids. Phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminolipids, an unknown phospholipid and four other unknown lipids were determined to be the major polar lipids. Based on phenotypic properties and phylogenetic data presented here, 15-S14-6T represents a novel species within the genus Mesonia , for which the name Mesonia maritima sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 15-S14-6T (= KCCM 43197T, NCAIM B.02633T, CGMCC 1.16020T).

Donghicola tyrosinivorans sp. nov., a tyrosine-degrading bacterium isolated from seawater.

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, aerobic bacterium, strain 13-93-B1T, was isolated from seawater off Jeju Island, Republic of Korea, and was subjected to polyphasic taxonomic study. Cells formed ivory colonies and were ovoid to rod-shaped. The strain was catalase-positive, oxidase-negative and grew optimally at 30 °C, in the presence of 1-2 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7.0-7.5. It did not synthesize bacteriochlorophyll a. Neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 13-93-B1T clustered with the type strain Donghicola eburneus SW-277T (97.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). DNA-DNA hybridization between strain 13-93-B1T and D. eburneus KCTC 12735T was 33.1 ± 1.4 % (35.2 ± 2.8 % in a reciprocal experiment). The predominant cellular fatty acid was summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c/C18 : 1ω6c; 76.9 %). The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-10 and polar lipids detected in strain 13-93-B1T were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid and unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain 13-93-B1T was 60.4 mol%. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data presented, strain 13-93-B1T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Donghicola, for which the name Donghicola tyrosinivorans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 13-93-B1T ( = DSM 100212T = KCTC 42571T).

Umboniibacter roseus sp. nov., isolated from coastal seawater.

A Gram-reaction-negative, non-motile, strictly aerobic, dark pink-pigmented and rod-shaped bacterial isolate, designated 14-121-B13T, was isolated from surface seawater off the coast of the South Sea at Namhae-gun, Republic of Korea. Cells were catalase- and oxidase-positive and required NaCl for growth. Strain 14-121-B13T grew optimally at 30 °C, in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7.5-8.0.Neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 14-121-B13T clustered with the type strain of Umboniibacter marinipuniceus, with which it exhibited 96.7 % sequence similarity. The DNA G+C content of strain 14-121-B13T was 48.9 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and C16 : 0. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-7 and the polar lipids detected in strain 14-121-B13T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid, unidentified phospholipids, unidentified aminophospholipids and unidentified lipids. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data presented, strain 14-121-B13T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus, Umboniibacter for which the name Umboniibacter roseus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 14-121-B13T ( = DSM 29882T = KCTC 42467T).

Lewinella xylanilytica sp. nov., a member of the family Saprospiraceae isolated from coastal seawater.

An orange-pigmented bacterium, designated strain 13-9-B8T, was isolated from a seawater sample collected at Marado, Jeju Island, South Korea. The novel strain was Gram-staining-negative, non-motile, non-gliding, rod-shaped and aerobic. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strain clustered with members of the genus Lewinella of the family Saprospiraceae in the phylum Bacteroidetes and was most closely related to the species Lewinella marina (95.6 % similarity to the type strain). Strain 13-9-B8T grew optimally at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and with 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain 13-9-B8T contained MK-7 as the predominant menquinone and summed feature 3, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The polar lipids detected in strain 13-9-B8T were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified phospholipid and eight unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain 13-9-B8T was 59.1 mol%. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data presented, strain 13-9-B8T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Lewinella, for which the name Lewinella xylanilytica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 13-9-B8T ( = DSM 29526T = KCTC 32663T).

Lutibacter oricola sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from seawater.

A bacterial strain, UDC377(T), was isolated from seawater samples collected at Seo-do on the coast of Dokdo island in the East Sea, and was subjected to taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Strain UDC377(T) was pale-yellow, Gram-staining-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped and aerobic. The strain grew optimally at 25-28 °C, in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7.0-7.5. Strain UDC377(T) produced carotenoid pigments; however, it did not produce flexirubin-type pigments. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain UDC377(T) clustered with members of the genus Lutibacter and appeared most closely related to Lutibacter agarilyticus KYW566(T) (96.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) followed by L. aestuarii MA-My1(T) (95.0 %), L. litoralis CL-TF09(T) (94.9 %), L. maritimus S7-2(T) (94.1 %) and L. flavus IMCC1507(T) (94.0 %). The DNA G+C content of strain UDC377(T) was 30.8 mol%. Strain UDC377(T) contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids, and phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminolipids and six unknown lipids as the major polar lipids. Based on phenotypic properties and phylogenetic data presented, strain UDC377(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Lutibacter, for which the name Lutibacter oricola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is UDC377(T) ( = DSM 24956(T) = KCTC 23668(T)).

Shewanella dokdonensis sp. nov., isolated from seawater.

A novel bacterial strain, designated UDC329(T), was isolated from a sample of seawater collected at Dong-do, on the coast of Dokdo Island, in the East Sea of the Republic of Korea. The Gram-staining-negative, motile, facultatively anaerobic, non-spore-forming rods of the strain developed into dark orange-yellow colonies. The strain grew optimally between 25 and 30 °C, with 1% (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7. It grew in the absence of NaCl, but not with NaCl at >7% (w/v). The predominant menaquinone was MK-7, the predominant ubiquinones were Q-7 and Q-8, and the major fatty acids were iso-C(15:0) (33.52%) and C(17:1)ω8c (11.73%). The genomic DNA G+C content of strain UDC329(T) was 50.2 mol%. In phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences, strain UDC329(T) was grouped with members of the genus Shewanella and appeared most closely related to Shewanella fodinae JC15(T) (97.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Shewanella indica KJW27(T) (95.0%), Shewanella algae ATCC 51192(T) (94.8%), Shewanella haliotis DW01(T) (94.5%) and Shewanella chilikensis JC5(T) (93.9%). The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain UDC329(T) and S. fodinae JC15(T) was, however, only 27.4%. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and DNA-DNA relatedness data, strain UDC329(T) represents a novel species in the genus Shewanella, for which the name Shewanella dokdonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is UDC329(T) (=KCTC 22898(T)=DSM 23626(T)).