Comparing the outcomes of termination of second trimester pregnancy with a live fetus using intravaginal misoprostol between women with and without previous cesarean section.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcomes of termination of pregnancy with live fetuses in the second trimester (14-28 weeks), using misoprostol 400 mcg intravaginal every 6 h, between women with previous cesarean section (PCS) and no previous cesarean section (no PCS). METHODS: A comparative study was conducted on a prospective database of pregnancy termination in the second trimester, Chiang Mai university hospital. Inclusion criteria included: (1) singleton pregnancy; (2) gestational age between 14 and 28 weeks; and (3) pregnancy with a live fetus and medically indicated for termination. The participants were categorized into two groups; PCS and no PCS group. All were terminated using misoprostol 400 mcg intravaginal every 6 h. The main outcomes were induction to fetal delivery interval and success rate, defined as fetal delivery within 48 h. RESULTS: A total of 238 women, including 80 PCS and 158 no PCS, were recruited. The success rate of fetal delivery within 48 h between both groups was not significantly different (91.3% vs. 93.0%; p-value 0.622). The induction to fetal delivery interval were not significantly different (1531 vs. 1279 min; p-value > 0.05). Gestational age was an independent factor for the success rate and required dosage of misoprostol. The rates of most adverse effects of misoprostol were similar. One case (1.3%) in the PCS group developed uterine rupture during termination, ending up with safe and successful surgical removal and uterine repair. CONCLUSION: Intravaginal misoprostol is highly effective for second trimester termination of pregnancy with PCS and those with no PCS, with similar success rate and induction to fetal delivery interval. Gestational age was an independent factor for the success rate and required dosage of misoprostol. Uterine rupture could occur in 1.3% of PCS, implying that high precaution must be taken for early detection and proper management. SYNOPSIS: Intravaginal misoprostol is highly effective for termination of second trimester pregnancy with a live fetus, with a comparable success rate between women with and without previous cesarean section, with a 1.3% risk of uterine rupture among women with previous cesarean section.

Effectiveness and adverse effects of vaginal misoprostol as a single agent for second trimester pregnancy termination: the impact of fetal viability.

PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness of vaginal misoprostol for second-trimester termination between pregnancies with a dead fetus in utero and those with a live fetus and to identify factors associated with the success rate. METHODS: Singleton pregnancies with live fetuses and dead fetuses, between 14 and 28 weeks of gestation, with an unfavorable cervix, were recruited to have pregnancy termination with intravaginal misoprostol 400 mcg every 6 h. RESULTS: Misoprostol was highly effective for termination, with a low failure rate of 6.3%. The effectiveness was significantly higher in pregnancies with a dead fetus (log-rank test; p: 0.008), with a median delivery time of 11.2 vs. 16.7 h. Fetal viability, fetal weight or gestational age, and an initial Bishop score were significantly associated with the total amount of misoprostol dosage used for induction. Fetal viability and gestational age/fetal weight were still independent factors after adjustment for other co-factors on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Vaginal misoprostol is highly effective for second-trimester termination, with significantly higher effectiveness in pregnancies with a dead fetus. Also, the effectiveness is significantly associated with birth weight/gestational age, and initial Bishop score.

Outcomes of Pregnancy Termination of Dead Fetus in Utero in Second Trimester by Misoprostol with Various Regimens.

Objective: To determine the efficacy and adverse outcomes of misoprostol with various regimens for the second-trimester-pregnancy termination of a dead fetus in utero (DFIU). Patients and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study, based on the prospective database, was conducted on pregnancies with dead fetuses in utero in the second trimester. All patients underwent pregnancy termination with various regimens of misoprostol. Results: A total of 199 pregnancies meeting the inclusion criteria were included. The mean age of the participants and the mean gestational age were 30.2 years and 21.1 weeks, respectively. The two most common regimens were 400 mcg injected intravaginally every six hours and 400 mcg taken orally every four hours. In the analysis of the overall efficacy, including all regimens, the mean fetal delivery time was 18.9 h. When considering only the cases involving a delivery within 48 h (success cases), the mean fetal delivery time was 13.6 h. The rates of fetal delivery for all cases at 12, 24, 36, and 48 h were 50.3%, 83.8%, 89.3%, and 93.9%. In the comparison between the various regimens, there were no significant differences in the rate of fetal delivery at 12, 24, 36, and 48 h and adverse effects such as chill, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and other parameters such as the requirement for intravenous analgesia, the requirement for curettage for incomplete abortions, the mean total dose of misoprostol, and the rate of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Nevertheless, the rate of fever was significantly higher in the regimen of intravaginal insertion of 400 mcg every six hours and that of the requirement for oxytocin was significantly higher in the regimen of oral supplementation of 400 mcg every four hours. Conclusions: The overall success rate within 48 h was 93.6%, which was not different among the various misoprostol regimens. In addition, there were no significant differences in the mean fetal delivery times and the rates of fetal delivery at 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. However, some parameters such as fever, oxytocin requirement, and mean total dose of misoprostol were statistically significant between regimens. In the aspect of global health, misoprostol can be a good option in clinical practice, especially in geographical areas with low-resource levels.

Bone mineral density in women using the subdermal contraceptive implant Implanon for at least 2 years.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of the long-term use of a subdermal single-rod contraceptive implant on bone mineral density (BMD) between users and a control group. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, BMD was measured at the lumbar spine, femur, and distal radius and ulna in 100 Thai women of reproductive age, 50 who had used the Implanon implant for contraception for at least 2 years and 50 controls. RESULTS: Ethnicity, age, age at menarche, parity, menstrual pattern, and body mass index were similar in the 2 groups. The mean duration of Implanon use was 32.8+/-6.3 months. Although the prevalence of osteoporosis was rare at all sites in both groups, the Implanon users had a significantly lower BMD at the distal radius and ulna than the controls. CONCLUSION: The long-term use of Implanon seemed to have a negative impact on the mineral density of the distal radius and ulna.

Bone mineral density in women using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) for at least 2 years compared to a control group: a cross sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of long-term use of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) on bone mineral density (BMD) in Thai women compared to the control. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A cross sectional study was conducted on Thai women of reproductive age who used DMPA (50 subjects) for contraception for at least 2 years and non-hormonal users (50 subjects). BMD was measured at the lumbar spine, femur and distal radius, and ulna. RESULTS: There was significantly lower BMD at the lumbar spines in the DMPA group but there was no significant difference in BMD between groups at the femur distal radius, and ulna. CONCLUSION: Long-term use of DMPA has a negative impact on lumbar spine BMD.

Comparison of osteoporosis self assessment tool for Asian (OSTA) and standard assessment in Menopause Clinic, Chiang Mai.

OBJECTIVE: To compare osteoporosis self assessment tool for Asian (OSTA) with the standard measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) by dual energy x-rays absorptiometry (DXA) in- identifying the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in Thai menopausal women who attended the Menopause Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The data was retrospectively collected from the medical records of women who had lumbar femoral neck and radius BMD t-score measurement by DXA (Hologic, QDR-4500C) between January 2004 and December 2005. The body weight and age ofpatients were calculated for the OSTA index score. The women with OSTA score < -1 and > or = -1 were classified as "moderate to high risk" and "low risk" for fracture, respectively. The BMD T-scores of < -1 and > or = -1 were classified as "osteopenia to osteoporosis " and "normal" respectively. RESULTS: Three hundred and fifteen menopausal women of the age of 45-87 years were included. The BMD T-scores assessment revealed that more than half of the subjects had osteopenia to osteoporosis (T-score < or = -1), 196 women (62%) at lumbar spine, 133 women (42.2%) at femur and a third, 114 women (36.2%) at radius respectively. The OSTA index at the standard cut-point of < -1 had a sensitivity and specificity of 36.2% and 71.4% respectively for the lumbar spine and 40.6% and 72.0% respectively for the neck of the femur in predicting osteopenia to osteoporosis status. CONCLUSION: The OSTA index score had a low sensitivity (36-48%) but a high specificity (71-75%) for identifying osteopenic to osteoporotic women among population of menopausal period Nevertheless, it is a useful screening tool in old age women (> 65 years).