RESUMO
Background: Assessment of apoptotic cells and mitotic figures using light microscopy is an easy and viable alternative to assess tumour behaviour. Aims: To evaluate apoptotic index (AI), mitotic index (MI) and apoptotic to mitotic index ratio (AI: MI) in different grades of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in haematoxylin and eosin-stained (H&E) sections. Settings and Design: The study included 45 cases each of OED and OSCC cases which were further subgrouped into groups of 15 each based on their grades. AI, MI and AI/MI were assessed and compared with 15 cases of normal mucosa. Methods and Material: Apoptotic cells and mitotic figures were counted using a binocular light microscope equipped with an oculometer grid (20 × 20 squares) on the eyepiece. Cells were counted in 15 grid fields under oil immersion lenses (×100) in a stepladder fashion. AI/MI ratio was calculated. Statistical Analysis: The results obtained were statistically analysed using Analysis of variance and Tukey Honestly Significant Difference tests with SPSS 20 software at a 0.05 significance level. Results: AI increased with increasing grades of dysplasia and decreased with increasing grades of OSCC. MI increased with increasing grades of OED and OSCC. AI/MI increased with increasing grades of OED but decreased with increasing grades of OSCC. Conclusion: In the light of the current observations, AI, MI and AI: MI can be considered as valuable parameters to assess the biological behaviour of OED and OSCC.
RESUMO
Odontogenic tumors comprise an unusual group of lesions of the jaw and present diverse histological patterns. Derived from the primordial tooth-forming tissues, they represent a heterogeneous group of lesions that range from hamartomas to benign and malignant neoplasms of variable aggressiveness. Sporadic case reports and diverse complex histogenetic source also defy categorization of odontogenic tumors. Many can be diagnosed accurately based on the distinctive clinical, radiological and histopathological presentation. Considerable variations in the clinicopathological presentation of odontogenic tumors can be confusing, increasing the chance of misdiagnosis. An interesting case of adenoid ameloblastoma reported in a 55-year-old male patient in the mandible, presenting with a diverse and intriguing histopathology, is discussed here.
RESUMO
Microbiologically induced calcite precipitation in bricks by bacterium Bacillus pasteurii (NCIM 2477) using a media especially optimized for urease production (OptU) was demonstrated in this study. Effect of biocalcification activity on compressive strength and water absorption capacity of bricks was investigated. Various other parameters such as pH, growth profile, urease activity, urea breakdown and calcite precipitated were monitored during the 28 days curing period. Efficiency of B. pasteurii to form microbial aided calcite precipitate in OptU media resulted into 83.9% increase in strength of the bricks as compared to only 24.9% with standard media, nutrient broth (NB). In addition to significant increase in the compressive strength, bricks treated with B. pasteurii grown in OptU media resulted in 48.9 % reduction in water absorption capacity as compared to control bricks immersed in tap water. Thus it was successfully demonstrated that microbial calcification in optimized media by Bacillus pasteurii has good potential for commercial application to improve the life span of structures constructed with bricks, particularly structures of heritage importance.
