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1.
Soc Biol ; 45(3-4): 289-301, 1998.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10085741

RESUMO

Marriage in Indian society is a religious duty. Consanguineous marriage is common, where individuals prefer to marry within their clan (a unilateral kin group based on either matrilineal or patrilineal descent). Keeping in mind that this form of marriage has certain disadvantages for social and biological as well as demographic aspects of individuals and families, the present study examines the influence of mate selection (i.e., close relatives, distant relatives, not related) on female age at marriage, pregnancy wastages, and survival status of the first child. The study was designed based on the information collected on a sample size of 3,948 married women aged 13-49 in Tamil Nadu, India, by the National Family Health Survey (NFHS), 1992. Results suggest that 48 per cent of women in Tamil Nadu marry their relatives. This practice of marrying relatives is high in rural areas, among Hindus, Scheduled Castes/tribes, and illiterate women as compared to urban areas, among non-Hindus, non-SC/ST, and educated women, respectively. The bivariate analysis reveals that women marrying their close relatives had low age at marriage and experienced a higher per cent of pregnancy wastage and child loss (first child) as compared to those women marrying their distant relatives or nonrelatives. The result is found to be consistent even after controlling for selected background variables through multivariate techniques (applied separately for age at marriage, pregnancy wastages, and the survival status of first child). Hence, this study suggests that steps should be taken to inform people about the problems of marrying close relatives through appropriate IEC programs in Tamil Nadu.


PIP: This study examined consanguinity and pregnancy outcomes among married women in Tamil Nadu state, India. Data were obtained from the 1992-93 National Family Health Survey among a sample of 3948 married women aged 13-49 years. Consanguineous marriage was highest in Tamil Nadu, where 48.2% of marriages were between relatives. Other states with high consanguinity were Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Maharashtra. Findings reveal that about 50% of the sample were women aged under 30 years. 70.2% lived in rural areas. 88% were Hindus. 50% were illiterate. 66% were unaware of the legal marriage age. 38.3% married close relatives, 9.9% married distant relatives, and 51.7% married nonrelatives. Educated women were more likely to marry nonrelatives. Consanguinity was high among Hindus, scheduled castes, and tribes. Consanguinity occurred at earlier ages and was significantly associated with lower age at marriage. Female age at marriage was also significantly influenced by religion, age at menarche, education of women, childhood place of residence, and caste. Pregnancy wastage was 22.7% for women marrying close relatives, 21.6% for women marrying distant cousins, and 18.7% for women marrying nonrelatives. The odds of pregnancy wastage were 1.3 times higher for women marrying close relatives. Loss of the first child was 16.8% of women marrying close relatives, 15% of women marrying distant relatives, and 11.5% of women marrying nonrelatives. Controlling for background characteristics, women marrying close relatives were 1.3 times more likely to lose their first child than the reference group.


Assuntos
Aborto Espontâneo/etiologia , Comportamento de Escolha , Consanguinidade , Corte , Mortalidade Infantil , Casamento/etnologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Feminino , Humanos , Índia/epidemiologia , Recém-Nascido , Casamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Idade Materna , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gravidez
2.
Health Transit Rev ; 7 Suppl: 481-6, 1997.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10169660

RESUMO

This paper discusses findings on issues related to sex and AIDS based on focus-group discussions conducted among students and teachers in the rural areas of Maharashtra. Most students were not sure whether AIDS could affect them, or how it could be contracted; some standard IX girl students stated the need for sex education at early ages. Most teachers did not want to talk about sex or student sexual behaviour; they stressed moral issues.


PIP: Selected students and teachers from 18 randomly selected rural schools in Satara, Akola, Amravati, Ahmednagar, Pune, Solapur, and Nashik, rural Maharashtra state, participated in focus group discussions on AIDS, sex and sexuality, sex education, and the role of peer communicators and nodal teachers in imparting AIDS-related knowledge. There were 21 focus group discussions with teachers and 38 with students. The group discussions with the teachers were comprised of mixed groups of male and female teachers. However, the discussions were conducted separately for boys and girls and for standard 9 and 11 students, with each group comprised of 5-6 children selected on the spot based upon their willingness to participate. Most students were unsure whether AIDS could affect them or how it could be contracted, while some standard 9 female students voiced the need for sex education at young ages. Most teachers were uncomfortable and reticent to discuss sex and student sex behavior.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Serviços de Saúde Escolar , Educação Sexual , Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Índia , Masculino , Grupo Associado , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde
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