Recognition of human action for scene understanding using world cup optimization and transfer learning approach.

Understanding human activities is one of the vital steps in visual scene recognition. Human daily activities include diverse scenes with multiple objects having complex interrelationships with each other. Representation of human activities finds application in areas such as surveillance, health care systems, entertainment, automated patient monitoring systems, and so on. Our work focuses on classifying scenes into different classes of human activities like waving hands, gardening, walking, running, etc. The dataset classes were pre-processed using the fuzzy color stacking technique. We adopted the transfer learning concept of pretrained deep CNN models. Our proposed methodology employs pretrained AlexNet, SqueezeNet, ResNet, and DenseNet for feature extraction. The adaptive World Cup Optimization (WCO) algorithm is used halfway to select the superior dominant features. Then, these dominant features are classified by the fully connected classifier layer of DenseNet 201. Evaluation of the performance matrices showed an accuracy of 94.7% with DenseNet as the feature extractor and WCO for feature selection compared to other models. Also, our proposed methodology proved to be superior to its counterpart without feature selection. Thus, we could improve the quality of the classification model by providing double filtering using the WCO feature selection process.

Orbital abscess arising from an odontogenic infection.

AIM: Presenting a rare complication of an odontogenic infection extending to the orbit. BACKGROUND: A 45-year-old male patient reported with periorbital swelling of eyelids, of the left eye, foul smelling nasal discharge and a pus draining sinus on the left lower eyelid area. CASE DESCRIPTION: The patient gave history of pain in the left upper first molar tooth 1 week back. His intraoral examination showed poor oral hygiene with tenderness on percussion on the left maxillary first molar. Investigations showed possible extension of infection from left maxillary molar root to maxillary sinus and to the orbital floor. CONCLUSION: A case of periapical infection of a maxillary left molar resulting in an orbital abscess is presented. Identification of odontogenic source of infections, institution of drainage, removal of offending teeth and appropriate antimicrobial therapy are mandatory in preventing loss of vision and cerebral extensions. The pathways of spread of the infection, treatment aspects, are discussed and complications are reviewed.