The effect of yoga training on postpartum prolactin and oxytocin levels in primipara women.

Lactation relies on the secretion of two key hormones, prolactin and oxytocin. Studies have shown that yoga in the postpartum period can stimulate feelings of comfort and relaxation, which increases oxytocin production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of yoga training on postpartum prolactin and oxytocin levels in a group of primipara women. This quasi-experimental study included 60 healthy primigravida, primipara women in their third trimester who attended antepartum and postpartum care at four primary healthcare centers in Kediri Regency. The participants were randomly allocated to an intervention group (n = 30) and a control (n = 30) group. The intervention group received health education and participated at eight yoga sessions with a duration of 60 min, from week 32 of gestation until the postpartum period. The control group received standard antepartum and postpartum care. Prolactin and oxytocin levels were measured in weeks 1 and 6 postpartum. Mean prolactin increment was significantly higher in the intervention group (176.8 ± 66.6 ng/ml) than the control group (24.8 ± 39.5 ng/ml). Similarly, mean oxytocin increment was significantly higher in the intervention group (58.6 ± 31.59 pg/ml) than the control group (14.6 ± 36.06 pg/ml). Our results suggest that yoga training in the third trimester until the postpartum period increases prolactin and oxytocin levels among primipara postpartum women.

The Effect of Curcumin Nanoparticles on Paracetamol-induced Liver Injury in Male Wistar Rats.

INTRODUCTION: Curcumin is a naturally occurring compound that has antioxidant properties, acts as a hepatoprotective, and lowers lipid peroxidation. However, curcumin's low solubility and bioavailability are its primary drawbacks and prevent its use as a therapeutic agent. In this study, curcumin nanoparticles will be created using the ultrasonic-assisted extraction method, and their effectiveness against paracetamol-induced changes in ALT, AST, SOD, MDA, and TNF-α will be compared to that of pure curcumin. PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the hepatoprotective effect of curcumin nanoparticles in paracetamol- induced rats as a model for liver injury. METHODS: Thirty-six male Wistar rats, aged 6 to 8 weeks, with a minimum weight of 120 grams, were used in an experimental laboratory investigation with a post-test-only group design. Rats in each group received 100 mg/kgBW pure curcumin, 100 mg/kgBW curcumin nanoparticles, and 50 mg/kgBW curcumin nanoparticles for 7 days before paracetamol induction. On day 8, 300 mg/kgBW of paracetamol was intraperitoneally injected to cause liver damage. One of the groups received NAC as an antidote 10 hours after paracetamol induction. Detection of ALT and AST using a Chemistry Analyzer. ELISA approach for the detection of SOD, MDA, and TNF-α. The Roenigk score was calculated by two examiners after the liver histopathology preparations were stained using the Hematoxylin-Eosin method. Post hoc analyses were performed after the One Way Annova and Kruskal Wallis tests to examine the data. RESULTS: According to PSA results, the smallest formula that formed curcumin nanoparticles (10.2 nm) was 8 g of curcumin formula mixed with a mixture of Tween 20 4.5 ml, Kolliphor EL 1.5 ml, Propylene Glycol 1.5 ml, and Capryol 90 1 ml for 21 minutes using an ultrasonic process. MDA and TNF-α levels, as well as the liver's histological Roenigk score, were significantly lower in the 100 mg/kgBB pure curcumin group (C100) when compared to the model group (model). The levels of AST, MDA, TNF-α, and the liver histopathology score were significantly lower in the 100 mg/kgBB (NC100) and 50 mg/kgBB (NC50) curcumin nanoparticle groups compared to the model group (model) and pure curcumin group (C100) (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION: Curcumin nanoparticles showed better hepatoprotective ability than pure curcumin.

Latent tuberculosis infection in family members in household contact with active tuberculosis patients in Semarang City, Central Java, Indonesia.

A quarter of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), 10% of cases develop active tuberculosis (TB), and 90% have a latent TB infection. Family members of TB patients have the highest potential for latent TB infection. This study aims to identify latent TB infection and risk factors in family members within the household contacts of active TB patients. This study used a crosssectional study design with a contact tracing method. The selected subjects were 138 people from 241 total family members of 112 active TB patients. Subjects underwent a tuberculin skin test (TST), using 2 units of tuberculin (TU) purified protein derivative (PPD) 0.1 mL (PT. Bio Farma Persero, Bandung, Indonesia). Data risk factors were collected during home visits. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. A total of 63.8% (88/138) of family members of active TB patients' household contacts had latent TB infection. The type of occupation of laborers/ farmers/fishers is the most dominant risk factor associated with latent TB infection (AOR: 7.04; 95% CI: 1.70-29.02), followed by unqualified bedroom density (<8 m2/2 people) (AOR: 5.33; 95% CI: 2.44- 12.71) and contact duration ≥5 hours/day (AOR: 4.70; 95% CI:1.33-16.66). Latent TB infection in family members of active TB patients' household contacts was quite high. Occupation type, contact duration, and bedroom density were simultaneously confirmed as the main risk factors related to latent TB infection. Therefore, it is recommended to identify and prevent latent TB infection in family members in household contact with active TB patients.

Effect of foot-ankle flexibility and resistance exercise in the secondary prevention of plantar foot diabetic ulcer.

AIMS: The study aimed to evaluate the effects of foot-ankle flexibility and resistance exercises on the recurrence rate of plantar foot diabetic ulcers, HbA1c levels, diabetic neuropathy examination (DNE) scores, ankle brachial index (ABI), and walking speed within 12 and 24weeks. METHODS: We conducted a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Fifty patients with recently healed plantar foot diabetic ulcers were randomized to an intervention group that performed foot-ankle flexibility and resistance exercise three times a week in their home (n=25) or a control group (n=25). Both groups were given foot care education. Outcomes were assessed at plantar foot diabetic ulcer recurrence or at 12 and 24weeks whichever came first. Outcome measures included plantar foot diabetic ulcer recurrence, changes of HbA1c levels, DNE scores, ankle brachial index ABI, and walking speed. RESULTS: There were significant difference between groups in ulcer recurrence at either 12weeks (intervention 8%, control 68%, RR 0.288; 95% CI 0.156-0.534, P=0.000) within 12weeks. or 24weeks (intervention 16%, control 72%, RR 0.222; 95% CI 0.088-0.564, P=0.000).). There were significant differences in the DNE score delta (P=0.000) and walking speed delta (P=0.000), but there were no significant differences in the HbA1c delta and ABI delta between groups at either 12 or 24weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Foot-ankle flexibility and resistance exercises can reduce the recurrence of plantar foot diabetic ulcer incidence and improve diabetic neuropathy and walking speed. Clinical trial number: NCT04624516.

The Impact of Weight Loss Program in Metabolic Profile and Body Fat Improvement among Indonesian Young Obese: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Abdominal obesity is defined as an accumulation visceral fat in abdomen region. It is linked to metabolic disorders that contribute to chronic diseases. Triglyceride (TG) to high-density lipoprotein (TG/HDL) ratio is considered as an insulin resistance (IR) marker. The waist to height ratio (WHtR) has been advocated as an effective and convenient measurement of central adiposity that could potentially be superior instead of BMI in determining cardiometabolic risk. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 8-wk-high protein diet and exercise on TG/HDL ratio, waist to height ratio (WHtR), body fat (BF) and body weight (BW). This study was a randomized clinical trial in 43 subjects with BMI >25 kg/m2. Subjects were randomized into 3 groups: High Protein Diet and Exercise (HPDE; n=15) High Protein Diet (HPD; n=15) and Control Group (CG; n=13). The prescribed diet consisted of 1,200 calories; while the exercise was conducted for 5 times/wk for 8 wk. The hypocaloric diet comprised of 55% carbohydrate, 25% protein, and 20% fat. In the end of the study, HPDE group had greater weight loss (-2.3±1.9 kg) than HPD (-1.8±2.2 kg); while CG increased in weight (1.8±1.3 kg). HPDE group had significantly improved TG, HDL, TG/HDL ratio and WHtR by -26.6 mg/dL, 12.7 mg/dL, -1.02, -0.02 respectively (p<0.05). There were significant differences between 3 groups, with ΔTG (p=0.008), ΔHDL (p=0.001), and ΔTG/HDL ratio (p=0.004) and WHtR (p=0.001). In conclusion, t hypocaloric diet combined with exercise has a beneficial effect in weight loss among young obese.