Dietary Intake of Polyphenols or Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Its Relationship with Metabolic and Inflammatory State in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between polyphenol or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) consumption and the selected metabolic and inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. METHODS: The study enrolled 129 diabetics (49 men, mean age 64.1 ± 9.8 years) with different amounts of polyphenol and PUFAs consumption. RESULTS: A significant effect of polyphenol or PUFAs omega-3 consumption on fasting glucose concentration (FG) or glycated haemoglobin fraction (HbA1c) was reported. A negative association was observed between FG and total polyphenol, flavonoid, flavan-3-ol and stilbene intake. In the group with high flavonoid intake, the FG was significantly lower compared to the group characterised by low flavonoid intake. Polyphenols, except stilbenes, did not modulate HbA1c. Additionally, higher consumption of PUFAs omega-3 significantly decreased HbA1c, and the intake of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids negatively and significantly correlated with FG and HbA1c. Further analysis confirmed a significant association between EPA + DHA intake and HbA1c, with significant interactions with age and gender or with body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio. The dietary intake of polyphenols or PUFAs was independent of familial diabetes or diabetic diet application. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates a positive effect of high consumption of flavonoids, omega-3 PUFAs and stilbenes on the markers of carbohydrate metabolism balance and the absence of such an effect on other cardiometabolic markers and inflammatory conditions.

Dietary intake of omega fatty acids and polyphenols and its relationship with the levels of inflammatory markers in men with chronic coronary syndrome after percutaneous coronary intervention.

BACKGROUND: The platelet­to­lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil­to­lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and C­reactive protein (CRP) are useful in assessing inflammation in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The PLR and NLR are also independent predictors of cardiovascular mortality. Moreover, higher CRP levels increase the risk of long­term mortality in patients undergoing PCI. AIMS: We aimed to investigate the relationship between the dietary intake of omega­3 and omega­6 fatty acids and plant polyphenols and the levels of inflammatory markers in patients after PCI. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we used the validated Food Frequency Questionnaire and Aliant software to estimate the dietary intake of polyphenols and omega­3 fatty acids as well as the ratio of omega­6 to omega­3 fatty acids in patients after PCI. A total of 105 patients were divided into subgroups based on high or low dietary polyphenol intake, omega­3 fatty acid intake, and omega­6 / omega­3 fatty acid ratio. Data on complete blood count were obtained from the hospital laboratory. RESULTS: In this retrospective study, we used the validated Food Frequency Questionnaire and Aliant software to estimate the dietary intake of polyphenols and omega­3 fatty acids as well as the ratio of omega­6 to omega­3 fatty acids in patients after PCI. A total of 105 patients were divided into subgroups based on high or low dietary polyphenol intake, omega­3 fatty acid intake, and omega­6 / omega­3 fatty acid ratio. Data on complete blood count were obtained from the hospital laboratory. CONCLUSIONS: Anti­inflammatory effects of a diet should be assessed not only based on a high intake of omega­3 fatty acids but also balanced omega­6 / omega­3 ratio, which reduces PLR and CRP levels in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Polyphenol-rich diet is associated with decreased level of inflammatory biomarkers in breast cancer patients

Background: The study investigated the relationship between dietary intake of polyphenols and inflammatory markers: CRP, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), medium platelet volume/lymphocyte ratio (MPVRL), in newly-diagnosed breast cancer patients. Objectives: The aim of this work was to verify whether diet rich in plant polyphenols affects inflammatory markers in breast cancer patients. Materials and methods: 78 patients (55.3±14.5 years) treated surgically for breast cancer were studied. A modified FFQ and authorial worksheet based on the Phenol Explorer database was used to measure the amount of plant polyphenols in a diet. Basing on the median of polyphenols intake (1780 mg/day), the group was divided into two subgroups: low- and high- dietary intake of polyphenols (LDIP and HDIP, respectively). Plasma CRP level was measured and NLR, PLR and MPVLR were calculated using results from peripheral blood morphology. Results: LDIP was associated with significantly higher CRP (elevated in 34.5% LDIP patients vs. 8.3% HDIP, p<0.003), NLR (elevated in 46.2% LDIP patients vs. 25.6% HDIP, p<0.006) and PLR level (elevated in 25.6% LDIP patients vs. 12.8% HDIP, p<0.03). MPVLR was not significantly different between both the subgroups. Conclusion: High dietary intake of polyphenols remarkably reduced process of inflammation in breast cancer patients, which has important clinical implications. The study demonstrated also an usefulness of simple, cheap and commonly available biomarkers for monitoring anti-inflammatory effects of diet.

Dual Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Activity of Polyphenolic Grape Seeds Extract.

Because of the side-effects of commonly used anti-platelet and anticoagulant drugs, investigations into plant substances with similar activities are very common. Based on our own studies in recent years, we estimate that it is possible to use natural compounds to both inhibit coagulation pathway enzymes and to reduce blood platelets' activation. As such, in our current study we wanted to verify the anti-platelet and anticoagulant properties of grape seed extract (GSE) using in vitro models. During our analysis, the following parameters were analyzed: Coagulation times, thromboelastometry assays (coagulation time, clot formation time and maximum clot firmness), aggregation of platelets and phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP). Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced aggregation was lower in GSE 7.5 µg/mL as well as in GSE 15.0 µg/mL. A similar dependence was observed in VASP assays for GSE 7.5 µg/mL and GSE 15 µg/mL. The effect on plasma coagulation tests was distinct only with GSE 15 µg/mL. All of the thromboelastometry variables were statistically significant with 15.0 µg/mL GSE concentration. Our results show, for the first time, the multi-potential effect of grape seed extract on coagulation systems, and clearly suggest that grape seed extract could be considered a promising nutraceutical in the prevention of cardiovascular thrombotic events caused by different mechanisms.