[Outcomes of carotid endarterectomy performed in acute stage of ischaemic stroke].

Recent years have witnessed several studies concerning optimal terms of performing carotid endarterectomy after endured acute cerebral circulation disorder (ACCD). However up to now there is no common opinion regarding feasibility and safety of performing carotid endarterectomy in the acute period of ischaemic stroke. The 2013 Russian National Guidelines on surgical management of diseases of extracranial arteries point to feasibility of performing carotid endarterectomy at terms within up to 2 weeks after endured ischaemic stroke (level B evidence). At the same time, there is no data concerning possibility of performing this type of operation in patients with neurological deficit scoring 4 points according to the Rankin scale. Analysing the results of 110 carotid endarterectomies performed in patients with haemodynamically meaningful stenosis of carotid arteries at terms varying from 2 to 14 days after the development of ipsilateral ACCD showed safety of the operation (the rate of postoperative cerebral circulation disorders amounted to 0.9% - 1 patient) and its efficacy in prevention of recurrent ischaemic complications, also determining regression of neurological symptomatology in the overwhelming majority - 86 (78%) patients. Despite the absence of recommendations on possibility to perform carotid endarterectomy in patients after endured ACCD with neurological deficiency scoring 4 points according to the modified Rankin scale we proved efficiency and feasibility of performing this type of operation in the cohort of patients concerned. There was not a single case of transformation of the ischaemic focus into haemorrhagic one. One patient developed fatal ACCD. During the follow up period (12 months) regression of neurological symptomatology was observed in 16 (66.7%) patients of 24 operated patients with baseline deficit of stage 4 according to the Rankin scale.

Analysis of the efficiency of external carotid surgery.

The authors confirmed efficacy of external carotid artery plasty in occlusion of the internal carotid artery. The findings of triplex scanning and transcranial dopplerography demonstrated a considerable increment in the blood flow through the middle cerebral artery in the operated zone, amounting to approximately 30% one year after surgical treatment. Twenty-two patients before and after surgery were subjected to single-photon emission computed tomography. The majority of patients after surgery were found to have improved perfusion of the previously ischaemized zone of the brain on the side of operation according to the data of single-photon emission computed tomography.

[The presence of calmodulin in chemosensory structures, its purification and content]. / O nalichii kal'modulina v khemosensornykh strukturakh, ego ochistka, soderzhanie.

Chemosensory tissues, bovine olfactory epithelium and barbel of dwarf sheat-fish (Ictalurus nebulosus) rich in gustatory buds were shown to contain calmodulin. The fraction of thermostable proteins which activate brain phosphodiesterase of cyclic nucleotides was purified to homogeneity by stepwise ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300. Some properties of calmodulin from chemosensory tissues (e. g., content, molecular weight, electrophoretic mobility, degree of activation of phosphodiesterase) are similar to those of brain calmodulin.

[Thermal stability of rhodopsins and opsins in warm- and cold-blooded vertebrates]. / Teplovaia ustoichivost' rodopsinov i opsinov teplokrovykh i kholodnokrovnykh pozvonochnykh.

Thermal stability of rhodopsins and opsins has been studied in endothermic (sheep, cattle, pig, rat) and ectothermic (frog) animals under two different conditions -- in the intact photoreceptor membranes (PM) and after substitution of the lipid surrounding of rhodopsins by molecules of a detergent Triton X-100. Lipid composition of PM in these animals was also studied, as well as the effect of proteases (pronase and papaine) upon thermal stability of rhodopsins in PM and in 1% Triton X-100 solutions. The thermal resistance of rhodopsins in PM was found to vary in the animals used to a great extent. The maximal differences in thermal stability of rhodopsins in ecto- and endothermic animals were due to the properties of photoreceptor protein itself, whereas in ectothermic animals they resulted mainly from differences in the lipid composition of PM. PM of endothermic animals differ from those of ectothermic ones by a lower content of polyenoic fatty acids and by a higher amount of phosphatidyl ethanolamine. The thermal stability of rhodopsins is not due to rhodopsin molecule as a whole, and depends mainly on its part which is directly bound to 11-cis retinal, located in hydrophobic region of PM and inaccessible to protease attack.