Molecular identification of new Trypanosoma evansi type non-A/B isolates from buffaloes and cattle in Indonesia.

Trypanosoma evansi is reportedly divided into two genotypes: types A and B. The type B is uncommon and reportedly limited to Africa: Kenya Sudan, and Ethiopia. In contrast, type A has been widely reported in Africa, South America, and Asia. However, Trypanosoma evansi type non-A/B has never been reported. Therefore, this study aims to determine the species and genotype of the Trypanozoon subgenus using a robust identification algorithm. Forty-three trypanosoma isolates from Indonesia were identified as Trypanosoma evansi using a molecular identification algorithm. Further identification showed that 39 isolates were type A and 4 isolates were possibly non-A/B types. The PML, AMN-SB1, and STENT3 isolates were likely non-A/B type Trypanosoma evansi isolated from buffalo, while the PDE isolates were isolated from cattle. Cladistic analysis revealed that Indonesian Trypanosoma evansi was divided into seven clusters based on the gRNA-kDNA minicircle gene. Clusters 6 and 7 are each divided into two sub-clusters. The areas with the highest genetic diversity are the provinces of Banten, Central Java (included Yogyakarta), and East Nusa Tenggara. The Central Java (including Yogyakarta) and East Nusa Tenggara provinces, each have four sub-clusters, while Banten has three.

Molecular identification of new Trypanosoma evansi type non-A/B isolates from buffaloes and cattle in Indonesia / Identificação molecular de novos isolados de Trypanosoma evansi tipo não A/B em búfalos e gado na Indonésia

Abstract Trypanosoma evansi is reportedly divided into two genotypes: types A and B. The type B is uncommon and reportedly limited to Africa: Kenya Sudan, and Ethiopia. In contrast, type A has been widely reported in Africa, South America, and Asia. However, Trypanosoma evansi type non-A/B has never been reported. Therefore, this study aims to determine the species and genotype of the Trypanozoon subgenus using a robust identification algorithm. Forty-three trypanosoma isolates from Indonesia were identified as Trypanosoma evansi using a molecular identification algorithm. Further identification showed that 39 isolates were type A and 4 isolates were possibly non-A/B types. The PML, AMN-SB1, and STENT3 isolates were likely non-A/B type Trypanosoma evansi isolated from buffalo, while the PDE isolates were isolated from cattle. Cladistic analysis revealed that Indonesian Trypanosoma evansi was divided into seven clusters based on the gRNA-kDNA minicircle gene. Clusters 6 and 7 are each divided into two sub-clusters. The areas with the highest genetic diversity are the provinces of Banten, Central Java (included Yogyakarta), and East Nusa Tenggara. The Central Java (including Yogyakarta) and East Nusa Tenggara provinces, each have four sub-clusters, while Banten has three.

Resumo Trypanosoma evansi é reportado como dividido em dois genótipos: tipos A e B. O tipo B é incomum e reportado como limitado à África: Quênia, Sudão e Etiópia. Em contraste, o tipo A tem sido amplamente relatado na África, América do Sul e Ásia. No entanto, Trypanosoma evansi tipo não-A/B nunca foi relatado. Portanto, este estudo tem como objetivo determinar a espécie e o genótipo do subgênero Trypanozoon, utilizando-se um algoritmo robusto de identificação. Quarenta e três isolados de tripanosoma da Indonésia foram identificados como Trypanosoma evansi, usando-se um algoritmo de identificação molecular. A identificação adicional mostrou que 39 isolados eram do tipo A e 4 isolados eram, possivelmente, do tipo não A/B. Os isolados PML, AMN-SB1 e STENT3 foram, provavelmente, Trypanosoma evansi do tipo não A/B isolado de búfalos, enquanto os isolados de PDE foram isolados de bovinos. A análise cladística revelou que o Trypanosoma evansi indonésio foi dividido em sete grupos baseados no gene do minicírculo gRNA-kDNA. Os clusters 6 e 7 foram divididos cada um em dois subclusters. As áreas com maior diversidade genética são as províncias de Banten, Java Central (incluindo Yogyakarta) e East Nusa Tenggara. As de Java Central (incluindo Yogyakarta) e East Nusa Tenggara têm, cada uma, quatro subgrupos, enquanto Banten tem três.