RESUMO
AIM: To describe the prevalence of all forms of scrotal calcification within a symptomatic paediatric population and to compare this with previous reported data in paediatric and adult populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of testicular ultrasound examinations performed in a single institution over a 55 month period. All examinations were performed by experienced operators using high-frequency linear array transducers. Types of scrotal calcification and position were recorded with all available images analysed by experienced radiologists. RESULTS: A total 516 male patients under the age of 19 years (mean age 10.5 years) were included. The prevalence of testicular microlithiasis (TM) was 8.7% and the prevalence of non-TM macrocalcification was 0.4%. 2.3% of the patients had scrotal pearls and 0.2% had epididymal calcification recorded. No other form of calcification was identified. A single patient had a co-existing testicular tumour and TM at examination. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of TM in the symptomatic paediatric population is greater than that reported in the symptomatic adult population, whereas the prevalence of intra-testicular macrocalcification is lower. It is speculated that TM and macrocalcification represent different pathways for the possible risk of testicular tumour development.
Assuntos
Calcinose/diagnóstico por imagem , Calcinose/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/epidemiologia , Escroto/diagnóstico por imagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Ultrassonografia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Thymoma-associated agranulocytosis is a rare but almost universally fatal condition. Reports to date have described several immunosuppressive therapies including steroids, cyclophosphamide and vincristine as adjuvants to thymectomy, in an effort to improve neutropenia. We report the response to the monoclonal antibody Campath-1H of a patient with a thymoma and associated agranulocytosis with complete absence of bone marrow granulocyte precursors, which had failed to respond to thymectomy. Treatment with Campath-1H resulted in complete responses of promising durability sustained with the addition of cyclosporin and mycophenolate mofetil as maintenance therapy.
