[Legal and regulatory framework prevention of infections, associated with delivering of medical care].

Legal and regulatory framework for prevention of infections, associated with delivering of medical care. Preventing infections associated with delivering of medical care suggests the organization of preventive and anti-epidemiological measures with the use of modern regulatory framework, which has undergone significant changes and continues to improve in recent years. The new data on clinical, epidemiological, social and economic effectiveness of the activities of this trend in organizations engaged in medical activities. The current and constantly updated system of normative, legal and methodological documents allows organizing an effective protection of patients and medical staff from nosocomial infections. The article provides an overview of existing regulations in the field of prevention of infections associated with health care, the possible ways of its improvement.

[Peculiarities of sanitary and epidemiological (preventive) measures aimed at contraction and spread control of Ebola virus disease].

Now the Ebola virus continues to extend in the Western Africa. Cases, including with lethal outcomes are also registered in the countries of Europe and America. The probability of drift of this disease on the territory of the Russian Federation, including through the foreign military personnel who is trained in the country isn't excluded. For prevention of drift and distribution in Russia of the illness caused by the Ebola virus the complex of sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) actions is developed and introduced in practice of military health care. The specified actions allow to control an epidemiological situation on this infection and can be recommended for use to military medical experts at all levels.

[Primary causative agents of infectious complications in injured with severe trauma].

AIM: Study etiologic structure of infectious complications in injured with severe-trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of results of therapy outcomes in 5966 wounded and injured (1999 - 2009) and prospective observation of 142 injured (2008 - 2009) by using epidemiologic, statistical and microbiological methods was carried out. RESULTS: Frequency of isolation and specific weight of causative agents depending on localization of infectious complication was established. Among 11486 isolated microorganism strains 4 causative agents dominated: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp. and Staphylococcus aureus. The proportion of these causative agents differed in various years. Interconnections of microorganisms composing associations were determined. CONCLUSION: Conduction of microbiological monitoring is determined by the necessity of constant control for leading causative agents of infectious complications in injured with severe trauma in the dynamic of their therapy.

[Sanitary-bacteriological control of artificial ventilation apparatuses in the prevention of nosocomial respiratory tract infections in a surgical hospital].

Airway damage in intensive care unit patients at surgical hospitals is a common manifestation of nosocomial pyoseptic infections. Artificial ventilation (AV) apparatuses used in a therapeutic and diagnostic process are vital to the transmission of their pathogens. The paper shows that various units and surfaces of the apparatuses are differently contaminated with nosocomial microorganisms. In this connection, their microbial contamination should be evaluated without fail when the higher rate of nosocomial respiratory tract infections is recorded in patients. Decontamination of the most important parts and surfaces of AV apparatuses and control over medical staff's hand scrubbing can upgrade the quality of measures to prevent respiratory tract infections in patients.

[Radioautographic study of the cellular proliferation of retinal pigment epithelium in axolotls]. / Radioavtograficheskoe issledovanie proliferatsii kletok pigmentnogo épiteliia setchatki u aksolotlei.

The proliferative activity of the pigment epithelium cells in the axolotl eyes was studied using 3H-thymidine in two types experiments: after the removal of lens, iris and retina and upon the cultivation of the pigment epithelium pieces in the cavity of lens-less eye. Irrespective of the operation type, the level of proliferation of the pigment epithelium cells changed regularly with respect to the time of observation. In the intact eye, the level of proliferation of the pigment epithelium cells was not high: the index of labelled nuclei equaled 0.5%, no mitoses were found. The highest values of the index of labelled nuclei (12.6-32.1%) and of the mitotic index (0.54-1.07%) were registered on the 10-20th days after the operation. After 40 days, the indices of proliferative activity of the pigment epithelium cells approached gradually those for the intact eye. The cultivation of the pigment epithelium cells in the cavity of a lens-less eye for 50 days did not result in their transdifferentiation into retina cells. The layered retina found in 7.7% of cases after the removal of lens, iris and retina could regenerate either from the cells of the retina growth zone localized in the region of embryonic split, or due to transdifferentiation of the pigment epithelium cells.

[Proliferative activity of the pigment epithelium and regenerating retinal cells in Ambystoma mexicanum]. / Proliferativnaia aktivnost' kletok pigmentnogo épiteliia i regeneriruiushchei setchatki u Ambystoma mexicanum.

Cellular sources of retinal regeneration and proliferative activity of the cells taking part in retina restoration have been studied in axolotls using 3H-thymidine. The cells of ciliary-terminal zone proved to be the main source of retinal restoration. Besides these cells, the pigmented cells of the iris inner and outer layers and pigment epithelium cells can take part in this process. Morphological stages of retinal regeneration have been established and regular changes in the level of proliferation in different zones of regenerating retina have been found with respect to the stage of retina restoration. The high level of proliferative activity of the pigment epithelium cells found soon after the operation favoured the restoration of disturbed integrity of the pigment epithelium layer, the increase of cell density in it, the elongation of the pigment epithelium layer, the formation of processes, and, sometimes, the replenishment of regenerating retina.

[Radioautographic study of the cell proliferation of the pigment epithelium of the retina in albino clawed frogs]. / Radioavtograficheskoe issledovanie proliferatsii kletok pigmentnogo épiteliia setchatki u al'binosov shportevykh liagushek.

The proliferative activity of pigment epithelium was studied by means of 3H-thymidine autoradiography after the removal of retina, lens and iris with the ciliary-terminal zone in the adults. The cell population of pigment epithelium was shown to be heterogeneous on the level of proliferative activity. A low level of proliferation is characteristic of the cells of epithelial monolayer and the cells leaving it and forming aggregates. An intensive local proliferation leading to the formation of expansions was found in the pigment epithelium layer in 7% of cases. On the 20th day after the operation, the index of labelled nuclei in the expansions amounted to 43.4--59.3% and the mitotic index to 1.4--2.1%. On the 75th day elements of atypical retinal differentiation, besides the high proliferative activity, were observed in one expansion.