RESUMO
Ultrasound examination of the thyroid offers an accurate morphological picture and the possibility of comparing objectively the size of lobes and lesions over long periods. Cysts and calcifications, mostly benign, are readily recognized. Neoplastic lesions in our series were all less reflective than normal thyroid tissue. But so were the majority of benign nodules. In hyperthyroidism, subacute thyroiditis and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, the thyroid tissue is much less echogenic than in the normal gland.
Assuntos
Doenças da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico , Ultrassonografia , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Adenoma/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Papilar/diagnóstico , Cistos/diagnóstico , Bócio/diagnóstico , Doença de Hodgkin/diagnóstico , Humanos , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/diagnósticoRESUMO
Pelvic endometriosis, a common disease of the female genital tract, may also affect the bowel, especially the rectosigmoid colon. Involvement of the small intestine occurs very infrequently. A case of small bowel obstruction caused by ileal endometriosis is reported. Correct preoperative diagnosis is very difficult to achieve. The association of gynecologic complaints with intestinal symptoms in women of childbearing age is characteristic, but the clinical history may be extremely variable. Small bowel roentgenography can be helpful and ultrasound examination offers new diagnostic possibilities. Endometriotic obstruction of the small bowel should be treated by resection of the involved segment.
Assuntos
Endometriose/complicações , Neoplasias do Íleo/complicações , Obstrução Intestinal/etiologia , Adulto , Endometriose/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias do Íleo/cirurgia , Obstrução Intestinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Obstrução Intestinal/cirurgia , Radiografia , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
Up to 20% of isolated cold thyroid nodules are malignant neoplasms. However, in the case of 1-4 cm large nodules entirely cystic as demonstrated by echotomography, surgery is not necessary as the frequency of malignancy is only 1%. In cases of hot nodules the risk of cancer is regarded as almost nil, but such nodules can lead to thyrotoxicosis. Treatment by surgery or 131l will depend on the patient's age and condition; it must be performed for all hyperthyroid patients and, as a preventive measure, for all elderly or cardiac patients to prevent the consequences of even slight hyperthyroidism. The complete work up of a nodule requires not only scintigraphy and thyroid echotomography but also a careful clinical examination, tracheal X-ray, determination of serum antithyroid antibodies, assessment of thyroid function and, in some cases, trial therapy using thyroid hormones.
