RESUMO
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is a metabolic regulator that catalyzes the methylation of nicotinamide (Nam) using the co-factor S-adenosyl-L-methionine to form 1-methyl-nicotinamide (MNA). Overexpression of NNMT and the presence of the active metabolite MNA is associated with a number of diseases including metabolic disorders. We conducted a high-throughput screening campaign that led to the identification of a tricyclic core as a potential NNMT small molecule inhibitor series. Elaborate medicinal chemistry efforts were undertaken and hundreds of analogs were synthesized to understand the structure activity relationship and structure property relationship of this tricyclic series. A lead molecule, JBSNF-000028, was identified that inhibits human and mouse NNMT activity, reduces MNA levels in mouse plasma, liver and adipose tissue, and drives insulin sensitization, glucose modulation and body weight reduction in a diet-induced obese mouse model of diabetes. The co-crystal structure showed that JBSNF-000028 binds below a hairpin structural motif at the nicotinamide pocket and stacks between Tyr-204 (from Hairpin) and Leu-164 (from central domain). JBSNF-000028 was inactive against a broad panel of targets related to metabolism and safety. Interestingly, the improvement in glucose tolerance upon treatment with JBSNF-000028 was also observed in NNMT knockout mice with diet-induced obesity, pointing towards the glucose-normalizing effect that may go beyond NNMT inhibition. JBSNF-000028 can be a potential therapeutic option for metabolic disorders and developmental studies are warranted.
Assuntos
Doenças Metabólicas , Nicotinamida N-Metiltransferase , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Glucose , Doenças Metabólicas/tratamento farmacológico , Niacinamida/metabolismo , Niacinamida/farmacologia , Nicotinamida N-Metiltransferase/metabolismo , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Nicotinamide-N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is a cytosolic enzyme catalyzing the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) to nicotinamide (Nam). It is expressed in many tissues including the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. Its expression in several cancer cell lines has been widely discussed in the literature, and recent work established a link between NNMT expression and metabolic diseases. Here we describe our approach to identify potent small molecule inhibitors of NNMT featuring different binding modes as elucidated by X-ray crystallographic studies.
Assuntos
Inibidores Enzimáticos/uso terapêutico , Doenças Metabólicas/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Metabólicas/enzimologia , Nicotinamida N-Metiltransferase/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Sítios de Ligação , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Ensaios de Triagem em Larga Escala , Humanos , Ligantes , Camundongos , Microssomos Hepáticos/efeitos dos fármacos , Microssomos Hepáticos/enzimologia , Modelos Moleculares , Niacinamida/metabolismo , Nicotinamida N-Metiltransferase/metabolismo , Ratos , Especificidade por Substrato/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) has been linked to obesity and diabetes. We have identified a novel nicotinamide (NA) analog, compound 12 that inhibited NNMT enzymatic activity and reduced the formation of 1-methyl-nicotinamide (MNA), the primary metabolite of NA by â¼80% at 2â¯h when dosed in mice orally at 50â¯mg/kg.
