RESUMO
Aim: To evaluate and compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of Embrace WetBondTM (EWS) Pit and Fissure Sealant (PF sealants) with or without the use of a universal dental adhesive system ScotchbondTM Universal Adhesive (SBU) using different bonding and curing protocols and to assess and compare the mode of failure as determined by visualization of the fractured surfaces of the test specimens after shear testing under an optical microscope at a magnification of 20×. Materials and methods: A total of 85 samples were prepared for testing SBS on enamel on caries-free, extracted permanent human molars. The specimens were randomly divided into five groups based on different bonding and curing protocols. A knife-edge blade in a universal testing machine was used to perform the SBS test with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute. Then the mode of failure was assessed. Statistical analysis: Results were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post hoc test and Chi-squared test. A probability value 0.05 (p ≤ 0.01) was regarded as significant. Results: ScotchbondTM Universal Adhesive (SBU) in total-etch (TE) mode/etch-and-rinse (ER) mode with individual light curing of the sealant and adhesive showed the highest SBS to enamel (5.40 ± 2.51 MPa). A predominance of cohesive mode of failure was observed for all the test groups. Conclusion: Embrace WetBondTM (EWS) PF sealants with SBU in the ER mode of application, with either curing mode, can be used as an alternative to a conventional technique for sealant placement for improving interfacial bond strength to enhance sealant retention and efficacy. Clinical significance: Embrace WetBondTM (EWS) PF sealants with SBU in the ER mode of application can be used as an alternative to a conventional technique for sealant placement for improving interfacial bond strength. How to cite this article: Swathy SR, Naidu J. A Comparative Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Embrace WetbondTM Pit and Fissure Sealant with or without the Use of a Universal Dental Adhesive System [ScotchbondTM Universal Adhesive] Using Different Bonding Protocols: A Multiparametric In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(1):48-53.
RESUMO
On-demand cloud computing is one of the rapidly evolving technologies that is being widely used in the industries now. With the increase in IoT devices and real-time business analytics requirements, enterprises that ought to scale up and scale down their services have started coming towards on-demand cloud computing service providers. In a cloud data center, a high volume of continuous incoming task requests to physical hosts makes an imbalance in the cloud data center load. Most existing works balance the load by optimizing the algorithm in selecting the optimal host and achieves instantaneous load balancing but with execution inefficiency for tasks when carried out in the long run. Considering the long-term perspective of load balancing, the research paper proposes Stackelberg (leader-follower) game-theoretical model reinforced with the satisfaction factor for selecting the optimal physical host for deploying the tasks arriving at the data center in a balanced way. Stackelberg Game Theoretical Model for Load Balancing (SGMLB) algorithm deploys the tasks on the host in the data center by considering the utilization factor of every individual host, which helps in achieving high resource utilization on an average of 60%. Experimental results show that the Stackelberg equilibrium incorporated with a satisfaction index has been very useful in balancing the loading across the cluster by choosing the optimal hosts. The results show better execution efficiency in terms of the reduced number of task failures by 47%, decreased 'makespan' value by 17%, increased throughput by 6%, and a decreased front-end error rate as compared to the traditional random allocation algorithms and flow-shop scheduling algorithm.
Assuntos
Computação em Nuvem/normas , Teoria dos Jogos , Modelos TeóricosRESUMO
Cardiac hypertrophy has been considered as an important risk factor of morbidity and mortality. It is characterized as thickening of ventricle wall of the heart and consequent reduction in the contracting ability of the heart to pump the blood. Hyperglycemia-induced reactive oxygen species act as major mediators of diabetic complications. Inflammation plays an essential role in the development of diabetic cardiac hypertrophy. Selenium has been shown to induce insulin-like and anti-inflammatory effects in human and experimental animals. But, its mechanism of action has not been elucidated. Hence, in order to probe into its mechanism at molecular level, we designed an experiment to study the effect of selenium as sodium selenite in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The rats were divided into four groups and maintained as follows: (1) controls, (2) sodium selenite-treated controls, (3) diabetic, and (4) sodium selenite-treated diabetic rats. Duration of the experiment was 30 days. Selenium supplementation enhanced the streptozotocin-induced reduction in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, decreased the serum glucose level, glycated hemoglobin content, concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, levels of lipid peroxidation products, as well as inflammatory parameters. Decrease in the phospholipase activity by selenium supplementation also contributed to the downregulation of leukotriene pathway. It also downregulated the expressions of nuclear transcription factor κB (NFκB), lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase, 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein, and receptor for leukotriene B4. Hence, selenium decreased the production of reactive oxygen species and inhibited the activation of NFκB-mediated transcription of pro-inflammatory mediators which resulted in the downregulation of leukotriene pathway in diabetic cardiac hypertrophy.
