RESUMO
A tick-borne encephalitis outbreak involving 25 patients of 154 exposed persons occurred in Hungary in August 2007. None of the patients had a history of tick-bite, however all of them drank unpasteurized raw goat milk from the same farm. The aim of this study was to identify the goats on the farm which could have spread the infection through their milk. Blood samples were taken from 75 goats on the farm and were examined by various serological methods, namely indirect immunofluorescent assay, hemagglutination inhibition, microneutralization and an ELISA adapted to testing material from goats, to determine antibody levels in the serum. The four methods have proved different levels of specificity. The least specific was the indirect immunofluorescent assay, which showed a low titre in all sera. Comparison of the results of the other three methods indicates that two sera were positive for anti-TBEV IgG and one for anti-TBEV IgM. The goat with the IgM positive serum sample could have been a source of the infected milk. It has been concluded that serological results for goats by the different methods should be compared before final diagnosis because the specificity of methods in use can differ significantly.
Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Encefalite Transmitida por Carrapatos/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/epidemiologia , Animais , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Feminino , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo/métodos , Cabras , Testes de Inibição da Hemaglutinação/métodos , Humanos , Hungria/epidemiologia , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Masculino , Leite/imunologia , Testes de Neutralização/métodos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Soro/imunologiaRESUMO
VIM metallo-beta-lactamase-producing serotype O11 or O12 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates infecting or colonizing 19 patients from seven hospitals in Hungary were characterized between October 2003 and November 2005. Macrorestriction analysis revealed the involvement of hospitals from three different towns in northwest Hungary in an outbreak caused by VIM-4-producing P. aeruginosa.