[Anatomic and functional disorders of the urinary tract in children with urinary tract infections]. / Zaburzenia anatomiczne i czynnosciowe dróg moczowych u dzieci z zakazeniem ukladu moczowego.

The study is based on clinical analysis of 207 case recordings of children with urinary tract infection (UTI) hospitalized in The Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospital, Lublin in 1995-1999. The study comprised children aged 1-18 years, average 8.8 +/- 0.4 (77.8% girls). Recurrent UTI was observed in 76.8% of children. Acute UTI was diagnosed in 20.8% of children. In 2.4% of children UTI was detected during hospitalization because of other diseases. In all children urinary X-ray examination was performed. Anatomical abnormalities were detected in 38% of children. Vesico-ureteral reflux was diagnosed in 61 children (29.5%). In 16/25 (64%) of children with vesico-ureteral reflux renal scarring was detected by radionuclide examination. In some children urodynamic examination was performed and in all of them functional abnormalities were detected.

[Health status and physical development of children delivered by mothers who suffered from nephrotic syndrome in their infancy]. / Ocena stanu zdrowia i rozwoju fizycznego dzieci matek, które w dziecinstwie przebyly zespól nerczycowy.

Numerous complications of nephrotic syndrome due to either the illness itself or repeated courses of high-dose corticosteroids have been well recognised for several score years. However, investigations concerning children of ex-patients are lacking. The purpose of this study was to assess physical development and health state in the group of children whose mothers had suffered from the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome during their childhood. 34 such children were studied. Thorough medical history was taken from children and their mothers and available medical documents data were obtained. Physical examination was performed and centile position of weight, height and their proportion was stated. The authors found that stillborn foetus, premature or low birth weight newborn incidence is much higher than in general population and the percentage of overweight and obesity is higher in the studied group than in general population. To confirm these findings further investigations with greater number of patients are necessary.

ABR differences before and after dialyses.

The aim of the study was the objective evaluation of the hearing organ in children. Seven children aged 6-17 with end stage renal failure treated by haemodialysis were examined. Four- to five-hour dialyses were performed 2-3 times a week. Pure-tone audiometry was normal in five children. The reactions of brain stem responses (latency and interpeak latency) were analysed before and after haemodialyses. We conclude that the ABR differences were connected with biochemical parameters of uraemia. The present study is a preliminary one and will be continued in the future.

Role of some biogenic amines in the pathomechanism of glomerulonephritis. I. Histological examinations of kidneys in acute and chronic serum sickness in rabbits.

Investigations were carried out on the role of biogenic amines in the development of glomerulonephritis in rabbits using the experimental model of acute and chronic serum sickness. The animals immunized with foreign-species albumin received additionally 5HT and some of them were given reserpine or PCPA for reducing the level of biogenic amines. The results of histological examinations demonstrated a clear cut inhibitory effect of PCPA and reserpine on the development of inflammatory changes in the glomeruli, and their intensification with simultaneous 5HT administration. The obtained results seem to suggest a significant role of biogenic amines in the pathogenesis of inflammatory lesions developing in renal glomeruli in acute or chronic serum sickness in rabbits.

Role of some biogenic amines in the pathomechanism of glomerulonephritis. II. Adrenaline, noradrenaline and serotonin in acute serum sickness in rabbits.

In acute serum sickness induced with one intravenous dose of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in 40 rabbits the patterns of excretion of adrenaline (A), noradrenaline (NA), serotonin (5HT) and 5-hydroxyindole-acetic acid (5HIAA) were studied in 24-hour urine, and the 5HT level was determined at intervals of three days. The urinary levels of biogenic amines were determined daily. Some rabbits immunized with BSA received also additionally 5HT, reserpine or parachlorphenylalanine (PCPA). Administration of BSA to rabbits caused a significant increase in the excretion of A and NA and a less evident increase in 5HT level in the blood. The greatest correlation with the course of the immune reaction was shown by the increase in NA excretion observed on the 2nd and 3rd days after BSA administration, and then between the 5th and the 12th days of the experiment. Daily subcutaneous injections of 5HT during 15 days caused a significant rise of its level in the blood and urine, and an increase of 5HIAA excretion. After reserpine or PCPA administration a significant decrease of the levels of all these amines was observed. Taking into account the results of histological examination of the kidneys, that is intensification of the inflammatory changes after 5HT administration and evident inhibition of the inflammatory process after administration of reserpine and PCPA it must be accepted that the studied amines have an important role in the pathomechanism of glomerulonephritis in acute serum sickness.

Role of some biogenic amines in the pathomechanism of glomerulonephritis.

Investigations were carried out on the patterns of adrenaline (A), noradrenaline (NA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) and 5-hydroxyindole-acetic acid (5HIAA) in chronic serum sickness produced in rabbits by repeated subcutaneous administration of bovine albumin. In some animals serotonin or parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA) were given additionally. Long-term immunization lasting 5-8 weeks caused a significant rise in NA excretion in the first 3 weeks of the experiment, and a less evident fall in the 5HT level in the blood, and 5HT, 5HIAA and A in urine. Additionally administered serotonin increased in these animals the level of 5HT in blood and urine, decreased slightly the level of A in urine, but caused no change in the significantly increased excretion of NA. These changes were associated with a rise in the intensity of inflammatory changes in the kidneys [19]. After PCPA administration of significant fall was observed of the 5HT level in blood and urine and of the NA level in urine, which was correlated with an evident attenuation of the inflammatory processes in the renal glomeruli [19]. In the light if these results that authors conclude that the investigated amines play an important role in the development of inflammatory changes in the glomeruli during chronic serum sickness.

The role of serotonin in Masugi nephritis in rabbits.

In 12 rabbits with induced experimental Masugi nephritis and in 6 control rabbits the level of 5-HT in whole blood and 5-HIAA excretion in urine/24 h were studied. In all animals of the experimental group a significant increase of 5-HT and 5-HIAA was found, which was strictly correlated in time with two-phase immunological reaction occurring in Masugi nephritis. Moreover, the electorn microscope examinations showed a distinct thickening of glomerular basement membrane on the 8th day of experiment, i.e., at the time of maximum 5-HT increase in the blood, which according to the literature, can be interpreted as having been caused, if not exclusively, so at least among others, by direct action of endogenous 5-HT.