Pigment characterization of important golden age panel paintings of the 17th century.

Samples were obtained from two world-famous 17th century panel paintings of the Gdansk school of panting: 'Seven Acts of Charity' (1607, in St. Mary's Church in Gdansk, Poland) by Anton Möller and 'Angelic Concert' (1611, in Diocesan Museum in Pelplin, Poland) by Hermann Han. Micro-Raman spectroscopy (MRS), optical microscopy (OM), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy studies of the samples were performed to characterize the pigments present in the individual painting layers (a rich palette of white, black, blue, red, and yellow pigments) and the pictorial techniques used by the artists.