Oral Health Related Behaviors in Relation to DMFT Indexes of Teenagers in an Urban Area of North-West Poland-Dental Caries Is Still a Common Problem.

Caries has a negative influence on health and is still a public health problem among children and adolescents in Poland. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of dietary habits, oral hygiene behaviors and the frequency of usage of dental services with the dental caries index in teenagers in North-West Poland. The study enrolled 264 children (147M/117F) aged 15. Participants filled out a questionnaire regarding age, sex, frequency of visits to the dentist, dietary habits and oral hygiene behaviors, and the Decayed Missing Filled Teeth Index (DMFT) was calculated. Caries was found in 88.6% of subjects. The lower or no caries experience group (DMFT ≤ 5) comprised of 180 subjects, while higher caries experience (DMFT > 5) was found in 84 teenagers and was significantly inversely associated with tooth brushing after the last meal (OR = 0.45; 95% CI:0.21-0.97; p = 0.04) and the daily use of dental floss (OR = 0.12; 95% CI:0.01-0.92; p = 0.04). There is an emerging need for the implementation of effective caries prevention and recovery programs in Poland. Health promotion focusing on oral hygiene behaviors should be disseminated more widely because lower caries experience was demonstrated in teenagers declaring healthy oral habits. Another important need is the development of multi-sectorial actions aiming at the improvement of dietary habits.

An Alternative Prosthodontic Management of Maxillary Dentoalveolar Defect in a Patient With Cleft Palate and Lip: Case Report.

Cleft palate/lip is a frequently occurring congenital anomaly; one in every 800 births results in such a problem. Different treatment options are available for replacing missing soft and hard tissues, including removable dental prostheses, fixed dental prostheses (FDPs), and implant prostheses. In the literature, according to different authors, there are different option standard for prosthetic treatment of cleft palate/lip. Some authors report that removable prosthesis is the choice in such cases, some of them regard conventional tooth-supported FDPs as a standard of care. In this case report, the prosthetic treatment of congenital cleft palate/lip was described. Upon the choice of the patient and patient's agreement, the direct construction Fibre-reinforced composite (FRC) adhesive bridge with pink composite gingival epithesis was performed.

Direct Resin Composite Restoration of Maxillary Central Incisors with Fractured Tooth Fragment Reattachment: Case Report.

This article presents a clinical protocol to reconstruct two accidentally damaged maxillary central incisors using composite resin material and a fractured tooth component. A patient was referred to the clinic with fracture of the two maxillary central incisors. Clinical examination revealed that both teeth were fractured in the middle third of the crown and that the fractures involved enamel and dentin with no pulp exposure. The patient had also suffered a lower lip laceration. When the lip was evaluated, a fractured fragment of the maxillary right central incisor was found inside the wound. The missing part of the tooth was replaced via adhesive attachment. Due to the damage of the fractured part of the maxillary left central incisor, direct composite restoration of this tooth was performed. With the advent of adhesive dentistry, the process of fragment reattachment has become simplified and more reliable. This procedure provides improved function, is faster to perform, and provides long-lasting effects, indicating that reattachment of a coronal fragment is a realistic alternative to placement of conventional resin composite restorations.

The functionality of masticatory apparatus and the sense of depression in patients over 55 years of age living in a family environment and social care centres. / Funkcjonalnosc narzadu zucia a poczucie depresji u pacjentów po 55. roku zycia zamieszkalych w srodowisku rodzinnym i w domach pomocy spolecznej.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the masticatory apparatus functionality and a sense of depression in patients over 55 years of age living in a family environment and the Social Care Centres (SCC). METHODS: Shortened version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used to assess the wellbeing of patients and their state/sense of depression. The clinical evaluation of masticatory function was performed during one appointment in the natural light. The clinical criterion for the retention of masticatory function, adopted by the World Health Organization was a contact between at least 20 opposing teeth, natural or artificial. RESULTS: Among patients with a low number of GDS points (0-5), statistically significantly higher proportion of people living in family houses (69.4%) maintained functionality of masticatory apparatus than of people living in SCC (23.5%). In contrast, among patients with a higher number of GDS points (6-15), statistically significantly higher proportion of patients living in SCC (70.8%) did not maintain functionality of masticatory apparatus than of those living in family houses (41.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with a sense of depression living in Social Care Centres were more likely to report lack of functionality of masticatory apparatus than patients with a sense of depression living in family houses. The presence of a growing sense of depression significantly affected a lower rate of preserved functionality of masticatory apparatus or vice versa.

[Fluorides in the human bones ­ selected issues].

Long -term intake of 􀏐luoride leads to skeletal 􀏐luorosis. The toxicity of 􀏐luoride, not only for the human body, but also the entire ecosystem makes it necessary to constantly monitor their content in the environment. Accordingly, there is a need to control the level of 􀏐luorides (F⁻) in humans, particularly in bone tissue, which re􀏐lects long -term accumulation of these compounds. The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of 􀏐luoride in the human bones depending on biological factors and environmental conditions on the basis of the published literature. Given the importance of bone tissue as the main reservoir of 􀏐luoride ions is an important issue to continue to monitor the concentration of F⁻ in this tissue, particularly for people living in the polluted environment 􀏐luorine compounds. There are numerous works on concentrations of this element in human bones in world literature which proves the great interest in the subject. It should be underlined the need for further study of this issue for people living in different regions of Poland.

The influence of polymorphism of the MUC7 gene on the teeth and dental hygiene of students at a faculty of dentistry in Poland.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to analyze polymorphism of the MUC7 gene and its correlation with the DMFT value and the Plaque Control Record by O'Leary. MATERIAL/METHODS: The study was carried out on 158 students of a faculty of dentistry in Poland. Students were subjected to a clinical oral examination. The status of caries was determined using the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) value. The status of dental hygiene was examined by the Plaque Control Record (PCR Plaque Index by O'Leary T, Drake R, Naylor, 1972) index. Sherlock AX, a universal kit for DNA isolation from biological tracks (A&A BIOTECHNOLOGY), was used for DNA isolation. VNTR polymorphism in the MUC7 gene was examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: The prevalence of the MUC7*6/*6 genotype was definitely higher than MUC7*5/*6. The distribution of prevalence of MUC7*6/*6 and MUC7*5/*6 in the control group was similar to another. The distribution of the value of the DMFT index in the group examined with MUC7*6/*6 was similar to the group with MUC7*5/*6. Statistical analysis did not show a significant correlation between genotypes of the MUC7 gene and DMFT and the Plaque Control Record index. CONCLUSIONS: This study does not show a correlation between the MUC7 genotypes and caries and oral hygiene of students.

[The content of chosen elements in superficial layer of enamel in milk teeth decay]. / Choroba próchnicowa zebów mlecznych a zawartosc wybranych pierwiastków w powierzchniowej warstwie szkliwa.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to check opportunities of early caries detection in primary dentition by using new portable device--KaVo Diagnodent. Values of Diagnodent were interpreted by Hibst and Paulus scale. It was also decided to check if this scale is useful for detecting caries in milk teeth. In this study a new author's scale was used. Values of Diagnodent were also interpreted in this scale. The object of this study was also to indicate the content of chosen elements such as fluoride, calcium and magnesium in superficial layer of milk teeth's enamel. It was accomplished by using acid biopsy of enamel. In this study, the use of this method was also assessed in primary dentition. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 50 children in age 3-7 were examined by dentist. There were several indicators marked, which describe these groups of children such as: dental treatment index (dti), decay, missing, filling (dmf) frequency of caries. Occlusal and buccal surfaces were checked by visual examination and by device--Diagnodent. RESULTS: Caries were detected on 115 occlusal surfaces and on 8 buccal surfaces. Diagnodent confirmed these results indicating values > or =30 in Hibst and Paulus's scale and > or =20 in author's scale. Therefore, there was no mistake in visual examination. From primary teeth examined visually as "sound" Diagnodent judged 0.87% (Hibst and Paulus scale) of surfaces which needed to be open by drilling. On the other hand, according to author's scale, 3.83% of surfaces needed to be open by drilling. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, we can say that Hibst and Paulus scale turned out to be less useful in milk teeth. Buccal surfaces are not predisposed to develop caries in primary dentition. Majority of these surfaces stayed free from caries in both visual and Diagnodent examination. Enamel opacities were also detected by visual examination and they were also judged as needed to be open by drilling. Diagnodent appeared useful in caries detection in primary teeth by using authors scale in which 20 means obligatory dental treatment. Laboratory results of content of elements can confirm above statement. Elements such as fluoride, calcium and magnesium, which were examined, showed that the method of acid biopsy of enamel could be useful in children as a cheap, simple and safe method. Acid biopsy of enamel did not cause on the enamel surface any damages or demineralization which could be discovered visually and by Diagnodent examination. Average content of fluoride, calcium in milk teeth was lower than in permanent teeth. The reason for this could be weaker mineralization of milk teeth tissue, which correlated with deeper acid penetration in enamel. Higher content of fluoride in children with higher dti can manifest that fluoride is some kind of protection for factors, which are responsible for caries.