Heterogeneity of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus pseudintermedius strains isolated from diseased dogs.

Thirty nine canine S. pseudintermedius strains were examined for antibiotic susceptibility and genetic polymorphisms. All strains were methicillin-sensitive S. pseudintermedius (MSSP). Resistance to penicillin was most prevalent (66.6%), followed by resistance to neomycin (56.4%), erythromycin (53.8%), clindamycin (48.7%), chloramphenicol (48.7%), and tetracycline (46.2%). Pulsed-field electrophoresis (PFGE) showed a high genetic polymorphism in the investigated strains.

Screening of Staphylococcus aureus nasal strains isolated from medical students for toxin genes.

Three hundred twenty-one students (156 students with no clinical exposure and 165 students with clinical exposure) were screened for nasal colonization by Staphylococcus aureus; 20.9% of students were S. aureus nasal carriers, and 40.3% of S. aureus isolates harbored toxin genes. The most prevalent genes were tst (15.0 %) and sec (13.4 %). Isolates with multiple genes were only found among clinical students (p = 0.045). Six of 11 PFGE clones were positive for toxin genes. Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) isolates were only detected in the clinical students (4.5 %). The exposure of students to the hospital environment neither radically increased S. aureus nasal carriage, nor the frequency of clinically important toxin gene presence, but it could have influenced the positive selection of toxigenic MRSA strains.

[Drug resistance of group B streptococci]. / Lekoopornosc paciorkowców grupy B.

The group B streptococci (GBS) are one of the main infections' factors in neonates. The source of the infection is mother and the infection follows during childbirth. In many countries various methods of prophylaxis in reference to mother and neonate are introduced. Thus far the widest application have found a method of giving to pregnant women penicillins or cephalosporins. The purpose of the present work was to study how the drug-resistant of the GBS forms in our country and if using antibiotics in prophylactic purposes without doing any antibiograms is burdened with risk, resulted from the possibility of meeting resistant strains. 365 strains of the GBS, derived from colonised neonates, pregnant women and clinical materials were put to the scientific research. 120 animal strains isolated from events of mastitis in cows, represented the second group. The GBS, derived from pregnant women were sensitive to every examined antibiotics except lincomycin (5.9%). Amid the streptococcus isolated from neonates there were some strains resistant to every examined antibiotic (1.9-4.4%). More often resistant strains were isolated from clinical materials (3.9-9.0%). The highest percentage of the resistant strains was identified in animals (7.5-20.0%). The GBS as a rule were insensitive to cotrimoxasolum. As follows from our scientific researches, the GBS derived from people as a rule are sensitive to used antibiotics. But there were some strains resistant even to several antibiotics. Possibility of meeting these strains should be taken into consideration as in prophylaxis as in treatment of the infections. Amid the animal strains of the GBS the phenomenon of the resistance to antibiotics is more often met than in human ones.

[B Streptococcus and other pathogenic bacteria colonization in hospitals in the Gdansk Metro Area]. / Kolonizacja bakteryjna noworodków ze szczególnym uwzglednieniem paciorkowców grupy B.

A survey of group B Streptococcus and other pathogenic bacteria colonization was carried out on 658 neonates in 8 neonatal wards of hospitals in the Gdansk Metro Area and the district of Gdansk. Out of pathogenic bacteria Haemophilus and enteric bacteria the most frequently were isolated. The percentage of Staphylococcus aureus was relatively low (19.4). The group B Streptococcus frequency in throat was established as 3.8% and ranging from 1.7 to 8.8% in particular wards. In two cases group B streptococcus were not isolated. In probes taken from anus of newborn tested typical enteric flora dominated and E coli and Klebsiella sp were the most frequently encountered. Profile and frequency of bacterial colonization indicated that epidemiological situation in majority of particular wards in similar.

[Biochemical typing as a method of differentiating group B streptococcus]. / Typowanie biochemiczne jako metoda róznicowania paciorkowców grupy B.

In epidemiological studies on the group B streptococcus the serological typing is used. The paper present the results of a study on usefulness of biochemical typing for differentiation of the group B streptococcus. For that purpose, 210 strains descended from colonized infants and pregnant women were put to typing with both of mentioned methods. We showed that each of the method distinguishes similar number of biotypes and serotypes. However, ought to be marked that significant number of strains (93.8%) belonged to the three out of eight biochemical types. Similar results were achieved in serological typing, three of the most numerous serotypes contained 81.4% strains. Analysis of the relationship between serological and biochemical types did not reveal statistical association because the strains belonged to various serotypes. Obtained results show that both methods of typing--biochemical and serological, have similar value in differentiation of the strains. The method of biochemical typing is quite simple and can be used in laboratory conditions.

[Colonization with group B streptococci in neonates and premature infants from selected neonatal departments]. / Kolonizacja paciorkowcami grupy B noworodków i wczesniaków w wybranych oddzialach noworodków.

Group B streptococci are considered an important etiological agent of sepsis and meningitis in neonates and, particularly, in premature infants. There is a close correlation between colonization with these bacteria and the frequency of symptomatic infection. It is estimated that symptomatic infections occur in 1.0% of colonised neonates. The purpose of this work was to investigate the frequency of neonate colonization with group B streptococci for determination of the risk of symptomatic infection.

[Susceptibility of bacteria isolated from clinical material to ciprofloxacin]. / Wrazliwosc bakterii izolowanych z materialu klinicznego na cyprofloksacyne.

The aim of the study was to evaluate susceptibility to ciprofloxacin of bacteria species isolated from different specimens of clinical materials. The investigated strains (830) were identified using conventional methods. The antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin was studied by the method of drug dilution in Mueller-Hinton agar. Among aerobic bacteria, only 5 strains (0.6%) were resistant to ciprofloxacin in concentration 4 micrograms/ml; two belonged to E. coli species, two to S. aureus and one was a Streptococcus group B., Corynebacterium sp. MIC90 = 0.12 microgram/ml turned out to be most resistant, next, Gram-negative rods MIC90 = 0.5 microgram/ml, coagulase-negative and positive staphylococci and Neisseria sp. MIC90 = 1.0 microgram/ml. Enterococcus faecalis and anaerobes were the least susceptible to ciprofloxacin. Their MIC90 was 2 and 16 micrograms/ml respectively. Among 20 anaerobic strains, up to 10 were resistant to ciprofloxacin, mainly from Bacteroides and Clostridium genus.

[Group B streptococci as an etiologic agent of infections in adults and their characteristics]. / Paciorkowce grupy B jako czynnik etiologiczny schorzen u doroslych i ich charakterystyka.

The investigation was performed on 1471 bacteriologically-positive samples of materials derived from patients hospitalized in various hospital wards (mainly gynecology and obstetrics). Group B streptococci were in 10% etiological factors of infections in patients from gynecological and obstetrical wards. These bacteria were isolated in 25% from pus, 15.7% from vaginal smears and in 13.7% from cervix uteri. In urinary tract infections, group B streptococci were present in 10.7% of urine samples with positive bacteriological result. They were also isolated from 8.3% of sperm samples treated because of infertility. Isolated strains of group B streptococci belonged most frequently to following serotypes: Ic, III, R, Ib and II consisting respectively 33.5, 19.3, 12.9, and 11.0% of all strains out of 155 tested serologically. These results demonstrate that group B streptococci are frequently causative in bacterial infections of hospitalized patients.

[Colonization with group B streptococcus in pregnant women taken into the care of unit K and hospitalized in the department of obstetric pathology]. / Kolonizacja paciorkowcami grupy B u ciezarnych, objetych opieka poradni K i hospitalizowanych w oddziale patologii ciazy.

Colonization with group B streptococci (GBS) in 714 pregnant women was investigated. Among 232 were hospitalised in department of pathological pregnancy and 512 were under ambulatory control. In 13.4% of hospitalised patients and 2.8% healthy pregnant women the colonization of vagina or throat with GBS was stated. The greatest percentage of vagina colonization was found in patients hospitalised in connection with gestosis or because of abortions, premature delivery and inanimate fetus. No correlation was found between range of GBS colonization and trimester of pregnancy. Almost all GBS strains proved to be susceptible for commonly used antibiotics but resistant to biseptol (88.2%). Patients of hospitalised group were more often colonized not only GBS but also other potentially pathogenic microorganisms.

Ischemia of the femoral head in Perthes' disease: is the cause intra- or extravascular?

We examined selected parameters of the clotting and fibrinolytic system of 26 boys with aseptic necrosis of the femoral head and then evaluated the pressure of the fluid in the cavity of the hip joint with the help of ultrasonic examination. No disturbances were discovered in the coagulation system and ultrasonography ruled out the possibility that extravascular pressure had caused the necrosis. We confirmed a significantly greater level of alpha 1-antitrypsin in comparison with the control group, which may indicate a decrease in fibrinolytic activity and confirm the hypothesis that there is an intravascular pre-disposition towards the appearance of clots in the vascular system of the femoral head in patients with Perthes' disease.