RESUMO
Opportunistic infections continue to be a cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients. They often arise because of severe immunosuppression resulting from poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy, failure of antiretroviral therapy, or unawareness of HIV infection by patients whose first clinical manifestation of AIDS is an opportunistic infection. The present article is an executive summary of the document that updates the previous recommendations on the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected patients, namely, infections by parasites, fungi, viruses, mycobacteria, and bacteria, as well as imported infections. The article also addresses immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. This document is intended for all professionals who work in clinical practice in the field of HIV infection.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções Oportunistas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Oportunistas/prevenção & controle , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/prevenção & controle , Infecções Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Bacterianas/prevenção & controle , Coinfecção/tratamento farmacológico , Coinfecção/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Síndrome Inflamatória da Reconstituição Imune/diagnóstico , Síndrome Inflamatória da Reconstituição Imune/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome Inflamatória da Reconstituição Imune/prevenção & controle , Micoses/tratamento farmacológico , Micoses/prevenção & controle , Doenças Parasitárias/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Parasitárias/prevenção & controle , Viroses/tratamento farmacológico , Viroses/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Despite the huge advance that antiretroviral therapy represents for the prognosis of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), opportunistic infections (OIs) continue to be a cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients. OIs often arise because of severe immunosuppression resulting from poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy, failure of antiretroviral therapy, or unawareness of HIV infection by patients whose first clinical manifestation of AIDS is an OI. The present article updates our previous guidelines on the prevention and treatment of various OIs in HIV-infected patients, namely, infections by parasites, fungi, viruses, mycobacteria, and bacteria, as well as imported infections. The article also addresses immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções Oportunistas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Oportunistas/prevenção & controle , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/prevenção & controle , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Infecções Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Coinfecção , Humanos , Síndrome Inflamatória da Reconstituição Imune/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome Inflamatória da Reconstituição Imune/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Mycobacterium/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Mycobacterium/prevenção & controle , Micoses/tratamento farmacológico , Micoses/prevenção & controle , Infecções Oportunistas/etiologia , Doenças Parasitárias/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Parasitárias/prevenção & controle , Viroses/tratamento farmacológico , Viroses/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) can be a secondary measure to prevent infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) when primary prevention has failed. PEP is advised for people with sporadic and exceptional risk exposure to HIV. This consensus document about occupational and non-occupational PEP recommendations aims to be a technical document for healthcare professionals. Its main objective is to facilitate the appropriate use of PEP. To this end, some recommendations have been established to assess the risk of transmission in different types of exposure, situations where PEP should be recommended, special circumstances to take into account, antiretroviral (ARV) guidelines including start and end of the treatment, early monitoring of tolerance and adherence to the treatment, subsequent monitoring of people exposed, independently of having received PEP or not, and need of psychological support. This document is intended for all professionals who work in clinical practice in the field of HIV infection.
