[Nutrient intake and nutritional status of 4-10-year-old Hungarian children]. / 4­10 éves magyar gyermekek tápanyagbeviteli és tápláltsági állapotának felmérése.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The growing trend of childhood obesity is a major public health issue. Collaborations between medical and healthcare professionals, preventive and health preservative programs, dietary habit and nutrient intake studies are indispensable. METHOD: A representative study has been performed among 4-10-year-old Hungarian children by gender, age, size of settlement and region. The study included 733 assessable questionnaires and 666 dietary records. Data on children's eating habits were collected by using the internationally recommended three-day dietary record method. Body weight and height measurements were taken for each child to determine nutritional status. Data were analyzed with statistical methods. RESULTS: The rate of overweight and obesity is 23%. Energy intake differs significantly between body mass index groups. The children's fat intake is excessive (34.2 energy%), the saturated fatty acid intake exceeds the recommended 10 energy%, omega fatty acid ratio is disadvantageous and the children's cholesterol intake is high. The average energy from carbohydrates is below the recommended 57 energy%, from added sugar it is 11%, which affects 52% of the children. Their low fibre intake (19.4 g/day) is due to low fruit, vegetable (263 g/day) and whole grain consumption. Of the micronutrients, sodium intake is 3-4 times higher than the recommended. In 35% of the children, the calcium intake is below the critical threshold, due to unfavourable milk and milk product consumption (290 g/day). Vitamin D intake was low in 98-100% of the children. CONCLUSION: Compared to the results of other European and national studies performed among children, adolescent and adults, the nutritional status and nutrient intake of our sample is unfavourable. Comprehensive intervention, education of the children with the involvement of their parents is essential to reduce obesity. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(14): 533-540.

Elevation in peripheral blood circulating tumor cell number correlates with macroscopic progression in UICC stage IV colorectal cancer patients.

AIMS: Cytokeratin(CK) based real-time RT-PCR assays (QRT-PCR) are now available for peripheral blood circulating tumor cell (CTC) evaluations in colorectal cancer(CRC) patients. Results are non-existent for the application of these techniques to the determination of progression and therapy response in Dukes stage D CRC patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Each month 30 ml peripheral blood of 30 Dukes D patients (17 with progression) were drawn. CEA, CA19-9, CA72-A and TPA-M determinations were made. CK20, thymidilate synthase(TS) QRT-PCR was performed, as well. Buffy coat was used for immunmagnetic cancer cell isolation and CTC counting. Correlation between elevated CTC and macroscopic progression within 3 months was determined by Chi2 test. RESULTS: Microscopic CTC single cell, doublet, cluster number were found in correlation with CK20 QRT-PCR results (p< 0.01). There was a significant increase in microscopic CTC number, CK20 and decrease in TS QRT-PCR levels (p< 0.05) in the peripheral blood of the non-responder as compared to responder patients. Elevation of the CTC was in significant correlation with macroscopic progression of the disease in 3 months (p< 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: CTC number reflects the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of CRC patients. Elevation of circulating tumor cell number in peripheral blood is in correlation with macroscopic progression.

T-251A polymorphism of IL-8 relating to the development of histological gastritis and G-308A polymorphism of TNF-alpha relating to the development of macroscopic erosion.

OBJECTIVES: Genetic variations of the inflammatory IL-8 and TNF-alpha genes can influence the outcome of gastric alterations. Our aims were to determine the prevalence and effect of the T-251A functional polymorphism of IL-8 and the G-308A polymorphism of TNF-alpha in histological and macroscopic gastric diseases related to Helicobacter pylori infection. METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted from biopsy samples from patients with gastritis (n=86, H. pylori positive=41), atrophy (n=32, H. pylori positive=13), intestinal metaplasia (IM) (n=43, H. pylori positive=22) and from histologically negative patients (n=57). The samples were divided by macroscopic diagnosis into erosion and negative groups. The T-251A polymorphism was examined with the amplification refractory mutation system method; the G-308A polymorphism was determined by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. For statistical evaluation, Fischer's exact test was used. RESULTS: In the case of T-251A of IL-8, the frequency of the A/A genotype was significantly increased in gastritis (P=0.049) and IM (P=0.038) groups as compared with the histologically negative ones. No relationship was found between macroscopic erosions and H. pylori infection. In the case of G-308A, the G/G genotype frequency was statistically increased in erosions as compared with negative groups (P=0.035). No difference in the distribution of G-308A genotypes in relation to histological alterations and the H. pylori infection was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of the polymorphism of IL-8 seems to be relevant in the pathogenesis of histological gastritis and IM, and the effect of the polymorphism of TNF-alpha is relevant in the pathogenesis of macroscopic erosive gastritis.

Histological evaluation of preoperative biopsies from ampulla vateri.

Frequency of the lesions of the papilla Vateri is increasing in Hungary because of epidemiological reasons. Over two years nearly 300 ampullary endoscopic biopsies were taken in our hospital. In 36 percent of the patients the papillary specimens demonstrated acute or chronic inflammation, in 44 percent adenoma, including 5 percent with severe dysplasia, in 5 percent adenomatous hyperplasia and in 7 percent adenomyosis or other benign tumors (2%) were found. Around 7 percent of the ampullary samples proved to be malignant, but only in 2.6 percent were the malignancy of intraampullary origin. Nearly 25 percent of biopsies were repeated once and 10 percent twice or more. Concordance of endoscopic and pathologic diagnoses was 69 percent on average but it increased to 83 percent after including repeated biopsies. In the adenoma-carcinoma group the concordance was 90 percent. The sensitivity of the pathological diagnosis with forceps biopsy was only 77 percent, but it became at least 86 percent following papillectomy. In order to improve diagnostic reliability more extensive use of papillectomy is proposed with close cooperation between the endoscopist and pathologist.