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BackgroundWith the implementation of mass vaccination campaigns against COVID-19, the safety of vaccine needs to be evaluated. ObjectiveWe aimed to assess the incidence and risk factors for immediate hypersensitivity reactions (IHSR) and immunisation stress-related responses (ISRR) with the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine. MethodsThis nested case-control study included recipients who received the Moderna vaccine at a mass vaccination centre, Japan. Recipients with IHSR and ISRR were designated as cases 1 and 2, respectively. Controls 1 and 2 were selected from recipients without IHSR or ISRR and matched (1:4) with cases 1 and cases 2, respectively. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors associated with IHSR and ISRR. ResultsOf the 614,151 vaccine recipients who received 1,201,688 vaccine doses, 306 recipients (cases 1) and 2,478 recipients (cases 2) showed 318 events of IHSR and 2,558 events of ISRR, respectively. The incidence rates per million doses were estimated as - IHSR: 266 cases, ISRR: 2,129 cases, anaphylaxis: 2 cases, and vasovagal syncope: 72 cases. Risk factors associated with IHSR included female, asthma, atopic dermatitis, thyroid diseases, and history of allergy; for ISRR, they were younger age, female, asthma, thyroid diseases, mental disorders, and a history of allergy and vasovagal reflex. ConclusionIn the mass vaccination settings, the Moderna vaccine can be used safely owing to the low incidence rates of IHSR and anaphylaxis. However, providers should beware of the occurrence of ISRR. Risk factor identification may contribute to the stratification of high-risk recipients for IHSR and ISRR.
RESUMO
We have developed a mouth guard which has revolutionized the shape and material of the conventional mouth piece. The H shape mouth guard has the unique shape like that of an H. Even with the new shape of the mouth piece it does not hinder the performance of the wearer. The following are the fundamental data collected by our group. In this study we examined its influences on leg power, the carry (the distance a golf ball is hit) and the motion of the club head during a tee off.<BR>The results are as follows:<BR>1) By wearing or setting the mouth guard, the variation of leg power, measured with a Sybex II, showed an increase at selected angular verocity. The rate of increase averaged aproximately 15%.<BR>2) The amount of work in anaerodush, an intensive, but short exercise, increased significantly by 1.25 seconds.<BR>3) As for golf, all four of the test subjects joint performance increased their carries by 5.2 to 11.6 yards, using a 1st wood.<BR>4) Also the fluctuation of the head of the club decreased from 7.3 cm to 3.6 cm on average.<BR>Our group have found that the new H shaped mouth guard can absorb shock as well as not hinder the performance of the individual who is wearing it. Thus, the H shape mouth guard can be worn during sports to enhance the participant's performance.
RESUMO
Generally, sport players of boxing or football who contact roughly with other players use mouth guard during match or game to prevent the breaking of jow boneor bursting of soft oral cavity. Moreover, mouth-guard are used for the purpose to lighter the load to root of teeth and to improve the skill and power of sport's player.<BR>The purpose of this study was to examine the charactaristic of unfitted by H shape-mouth guard compared to U shape mouth guard.<BR>The following results were obtained.<BR>1. The H shape-mouth guard of this study could reduce the impact to 1/7 level.<BR>2. A relative decrease in ventilation level was shown when H shape mouth guard fitted.<BR>3. With reference to respiratory function, reduction of the amount of oxygen up-take was not observed at heart rate lower than 170 beats/min, and in this case a player feells subjective symptom of stiffing.
