Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 17 de 17
Filtrar
1.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 75(12): 369-376, Dic 12, 2022. tab, ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-213694

RESUMO

Introducción: El registro con microelectrodos en la estimulación cerebral profunda (ECP) ha demostrado una gran utilidad. Es posible mejorar su eficiencia caracterizando las propiedades de los potenciales de acción extracelulares (PAE). Pacientes y métodos: Hemos analizado registros de nueve pacientes operados por epilepsia o agresividad bajo anestesia general. Se han determinado las propiedades de los PAE de los núcleos talámicos centromediano, ventral intermedio, ventrocaudal e hipotalámico posteromedial. Resultados: Hemos analizado 706 células talámicas y 142 hipotalámicas. La proporción de tipos celulares resultó específica de cada núcleo celular. El tipo celular más frecuente fue P1P2N1 (59,5%), seguido por N1P1N2 (23,1%). La primera fase del PAE es altamente variable. Las propiedades de las fases del PAE de la misma morfología difieren altamente entre núcleos. Conclusiones: Hemos demostrado que diversos núcleos cerebrales profundos tienen propiedades específicas de la morfología de los PAE. Esto permitirá una mejora en la localización de estos núcleos durante la ECP.(AU)


Introduction: Using microelectrodes for recording purposes in deep brain stimulation (DBS) has proven to be very useful. Their efficiency can be improved by characterising the properties of extracellular action potentials (EAPs). Patients and methods: We analysed the records of nine patients who underwent surgery for epilepsy or aggressiveness under general anaesthesia. The properties of the EAPs of the centromedian, ventral intermediate, ventrocaudal and posteromedial hypothalamic nuclei of the thalamus have been determined. Results: We have analysed 706 thalamic and 142 hypothalamic cells. The proportion of cell types was found to be specific to each cell nucleus. The most frequent cell type was P1P2N1 (59.5%), followed by N1P1N2 (23.1%). The first phase of the EAP is highly variable. The properties of the EAP phases of the same morphology differ greatly from one nucleus to another. Conclusions: We have shown that several deep brain nuclei have properties that are specific to the morphology of the EAPs. This will allow for improved localisation of these nuclei during DBS.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doenças Talâmicas , Estimulação Encefálica Profunda , Núcleos Talâmicos , Microeletrodos , Doenças Hipotalâmicas , Neurologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso
2.
Rev Neurol ; 75(12): 369-376, 2022 12 16.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36514203

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Using microelectrodes for recording purposes in deep brain stimulation (DBS) has proven to be very useful. Their efficiency can be improved by characterising the properties of extracellular action potentials (EAPs). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analysed the records of nine patients who underwent surgery for epilepsy or aggressiveness under general anaesthesia. The properties of the EAPs of the centromedian, ventral intermediate, ventrocaudal and posteromedial hypothalamic nuclei of the thalamus have been determined. RESULTS: We have analysed 706 thalamic and 142 hypothalamic cells. The proportion of cell types was found to be specific to each cell nucleus. The most frequent cell type was P1P2N1 (59.5%), followed by N1P1N2 (23.1%). The first phase of the EAP is highly variable. The properties of the EAP phases of the same morphology differ greatly from one nucleus to another. CONCLUSIONS: We have shown that several deep brain nuclei have properties that are specific to the morphology of the EAPs. This will allow for improved localisation of these nuclei during DBS.


TITLE: Hacia una definición fisiológica positiva de los núcleos cerebrales profundos en humanos.Introducción. El registro con microelectrodos en la estimulación cerebral profunda (ECP) ha demostrado una gran utilidad. Es posible mejorar su eficiencia caracterizando las propiedades de los potenciales de acción extracelulares (PAE). Pacientes y métodos. Hemos analizado registros de nueve pacientes operados por epilepsia o agresividad bajo anestesia general. Se han determinado las propiedades de los PAE de los núcleos talámicos centromediano, ventral intermedio, ventrocaudal e hipotalámico posteromedial. Resultados. Hemos analizado 706 células talámicas y 142 hipotalámicas. La proporción de tipos celulares resultó específica de cada núcleo celular. El tipo celular más frecuente fue P1P2N1 (59,5%), seguido por N1P1N2 (23,1%). La primera fase del PAE es altamente variable. Las propiedades de las fases del PAE de la misma morfología difieren altamente entre núcleos. Conclusiones. Hemos demostrado que diversos núcleos cerebrales profundos tienen propiedades específicas de la morfología de los PAE. Esto permitirá una mejora en la localización de estos núcleos durante la ECP.


Assuntos
Estimulação Encefálica Profunda , Epilepsia , Humanos , Tálamo , Microeletrodos , Epilepsia/terapia , Potenciais de Ação
3.
Rev Neurol ; 74(4): 125-134, 2022 02 16.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35148421

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus is currently an evidence-based therapeutic option for motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), although other non-motor symptoms can be affected by stimulation. AIM: Our objective is to evaluate the global changes in the connectivity of the large-scale structural network in PD patients that have obtained a benefit from subthalamic DBS. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 31 subjects: 7 PD patients with subthalamic DBS (group A), 12 age and gender-matched non-operated PD (B) and 12 healthy controls (C). All subjects had undergone a 1.5 T brain MRI with DTI. DICOM images were processed with the FSL5.0 software and TBSS tool. RESULTS: The study group comprised 23 men and 8 women. No statistically significant differences in age, gender, scores on the HandY scale and mean follow-up between group A and B were found, and in age and gender between groups A and C. Statistical analysis revealed differences in the fractional anisotropy of the different groups in certain areas: bilateral corticospinal tract, anterior thalamic radiations, bilateral fronto-occipital fascicle, both superior longitudinal fascicles, and left inferior longitudinal fascicle. CONCLUSIONS: In our series, PD patients treated with bilateral subthalamic DBS showed a significantly higher fractional anisotropy in widespread areas of the cerebral white matter; suggesting that neuromodulation produces connectivity changes in different neural networks.


TITLE: Estimulación cerebral profunda en la enfermedad de Parkinson: análisis de la anisotropía fraccional cerebral en pacientes intervenidos mediante estimulación cerebral profunda.Introducción. La estimulación cerebral profunda (ECP) del núcleo subtalámico actualmente es una opción terapéutica basada en la evidencia para los síntomas motores en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson (EP), aunque otros síntomas no motores pueden verse afectados por la estimulación. Objetivo. Nuestro objetivo es evaluar los cambios globales en la conectividad de la red estructural a gran escala en pacientes con EP que han obtenido un beneficio de la ECP subtalámica. Sujetos y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo de 31 sujetos: siete pacientes con EP con ECP subtalámica (grupo A), 12 pacientes con EP no operados de la misma edad y sexo (B) y 12 controles sanos (C). Todos los sujetos se habían sometido a una resonancia magnética cerebral de 1,5 T con imagen del tensor de la difusión. Las imágenes DICOM se procesaron con el software FSL5.0 y la herramienta estadística espacial basada en el tracto. Resultados. El grupo de estudio estuvo compuesto por 23 hombres y ocho mujeres. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en edad, sexo, puntuación en la escala de Hoehn y Yahr y seguimiento medio entre el grupo A y B, y en edad y sexo entre los grupos A y C. El análisis estadístico reveló diferencias en la anisotropía fraccional de los diferentes grupos en ciertas áreas: tracto corticoespinal bilateral, radiaciones talámicas anteriores, fascículo frontooccipital bilateral, ambos fascículos longitudinales superiores y fascículo longitudinal inferior izquierdo. Conclusiones. En nuestra serie, los pacientes con EP tratados con ECP subtalámica bilateral mostraron una anisotropía fraccional significativamente mayor en áreas extensas de la sustancia blanca cerebral, lo que sugiere que la neuromodulación produce cambios de conectividad en diferentes redes neuronales.


Assuntos
Estimulação Encefálica Profunda , Doença de Parkinson/terapia , Idoso , Anisotropia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença de Parkinson/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença de Parkinson/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos
4.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 74(4): 125-134, Feb 16, 2022. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-217668

RESUMO

Introducción: La estimulación cerebral profunda (ECP) del núcleo subtalámico actualmente es una opción terapéutica basada en la evidencia para los síntomas motores en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson (EP), aunque otros síntomas no motores pueden verse afectados por la estimulación. Objetivo: Nuestro objetivo es evaluar los cambios globales en la conectividad de la red estructural a gran escala en pacientes con EP que han obtenido un beneficio de la ECP subtalámica. Sujetos y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de 31 sujetos: siete pacientes con EP con ECP subtalámica (grupo A), 12 pacientes con EP no operados de la misma edad y sexo (B) y 12 controles sanos (C). Todos los sujetos se habían sometido a una resonancia magnética cerebral de 1,5 T con imagen del tensor de la difusión. Las imágenes DICOM se procesaron con el software FSL5.0 y la herramienta estadística espacial basada en el tracto. Resultados: El grupo de estudio estuvo compuesto por 23 hombres y ocho mujeres. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en edad, sexo, puntuación en la escala de Hoehn y Yahr y seguimiento medio entre el grupo A y B, y en edad y sexo entre los grupos A y C. El análisis estadístico reveló diferencias en la anisotropía fraccional de los diferentes grupos en ciertas áreas: tracto corticoespinal bilateral, radiaciones talámicas anteriores, fascículo frontooccipital bilateral, ambos fascículos longitudinales superiores y fascículo longitudinal inferior izquierdo. Conclusiones: En nuestra serie, los pacientes con EP tratados con ECP subtalámica bilateral mostraron una anisotropía fraccional significativamente mayor en áreas extensas de la sustancia blanca cerebral, lo que sugiere que la neuromodulación produce cambios de conectividad en diferentes redes neuronales.(AU)


Introduction: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus is currently an evidence-based therapeutic option for motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), although other non-motor symptoms can be affected by stimulation. Aim: Our objective is to evaluate the global changes in the connectivity of the large-scale structural network in PD patients that have obtained a benefit from subthalamic DBS. Subjects and methods: Retrospective study of 31 subjects: 7 PD patients with subthalamic DBS (group A), 12 age and gender-matched non-operated PD (B) and 12 healthy controls (C). All subjects had undergone a 1.5 T brain MRI with DTI. DICOM images were processed with the FSL5.0 software and TBSS tool. Results: The study group comprised 23 men and 8 women. No statistically significant differences in age, gender, scores on the H&Y scale and mean follow-up between group A and B were found, and in age and gender between groups A and C. Statistical analysis revealed differences in the fractional anisotropy of the different groups in certain areas: bilateral corticospinal tract, anterior thalamic radiations, bilateral fronto-occipital fascicle, both superior longitudinal fascicles, and left inferior longitudinal fascicle. Conclusions: In our series, PD patients treated with bilateral subthalamic DBS showed a significantly higher fractional anisotropy in widespread areas of the cerebral white matter; suggesting that neuromodulation produces connectivity changes in different neural networks.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Doença de Parkinson , Estimulação Encefálica Profunda , Anisotropia , Transtornos dos Movimentos/cirurgia , Imagem de Tensor de Difusão , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso , Estudos Retrospectivos
5.
Rev Neurol ; 70(8): 293-299, 2020 Apr 16.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32242336

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Deep brain stimulation is an effective therapy that is being used in an increasing number of indications. The mechanisms by which it exerts its therapeutic effect are still largely unknown, although there is increasing evidence of its influence at various levels. AIM: To review the existing literature on the mechanism of action of deep brain stimulation. DEVELOPMENT: Deep brain stimulation acts on brain tissue that is stimulated at various levels: molecular, cellular and neural networks. Spatial, temporal and electrical factors are involved in its effectiveness, but it mainly seems to perform its function by replacing anomalous firing patterns, which are present in certain neurological and psychiatric diseases. Other mechanisms, such as neuroprotection or neurogenesis, remain under study. CONCLUSIONS: Although many of the effects by which deep brain stimulation acts on the brain are still unknown, it seems to be a complex treatment, with large-scale effects, in which the correction of circuitopathies seems to prevail as the main mechanism.


TITLE: Bases de la estimulación cerebral profunda.Introducción. La estimulación cerebral profunda es una terapia eficaz que está siendo utilizada en un número creciente de indicaciones. Los mecanismos mediante los cuales ejerce efecto terapéutico aún se desconocen en su mayor parte, si bien cada vez se dispone de más datos sobre su influencia en diversos niveles. Objetivo. Revisar la bibliografía existente sobre el mecanismo de acción de la estimulación cerebral profunda. Desarrollo. La estimulación cerebral profunda actúa sobre el tejido cerebral estimulado en varios niveles, molecular, celular y de redes neuronales. En su efectividad intervienen factores espaciales, temporales y eléctricos, pero fundamentalmente parece ejercer su función mediante la sustitución de patrones de disparo anómalos, presentes en ciertas enfermedades neurológicas y psiquiátricas. Otros mecanismos, como la neuroprotección o la neurogénesis, permanecen en estudio. Conclusiones. Aunque aún se desconocen muchos efectos por los cuales la estimulación cerebral profunda actúa en el cerebro, parece un tratamiento complejo, con efectos a gran escala, en los que parece primar la corrección de circuitopatías como mecanismo principal.


Assuntos
Encefalopatias/terapia , Estimulação Encefálica Profunda , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Encefalopatias/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Transtornos Mentais/fisiopatologia
6.
Rev Neurol ; 70(5): 183-192, 2020 Mar 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32100279

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in drug-resistant epilepsy has been applied to several brain targets. However, its exact mechanism of action is not known, and the diversity of targets makes it difficult to know the degree of evidence that supports its use. DEVELOPMENT: A review of the literature on DBS for drug-resistant epilepsy was conducted. The efficacy of DBS in drug-resistant epilepsy seems to be mediated by a desynchronisation of neuronal activity at the epileptogenic focus or a modulation of the «circuitopathies¼ that exist in epilepsy, depending on the target. In DBS multiple cortical and subcortical structures have been used, but class I evidence exists only for DBS of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus. CONCLUSIONS: DBS in epilepsy is still under investigation, with class I evidence for DBS of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus. The rest of the targets have yielded variable results that must be confirmed with randomised designs in larger series.


TITLE: Estimulación cerebral profunda en la epilepsia farmacorresistente.Introducción. La estimulación cerebral profunda (ECP) en la epilepsia farmacorresistente se ha aplicado en varias dianas cerebrales. Sin embargo, su mecanismo de acción no se conoce con exactitud, y la diversidad de dianas hace difícil conocer el grado de evidencia que apoya su utilización. Desarrollo. Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica sobre la ECP para la epilepsia farmacorresistente. La eficacia de la ECP en la epilepsia farmacorresistente parece mediada por una desincronización de la actividad neuronal en el foco epileptógeno o una modulación de las circuitopatías que existen en la epilepsia, dependiendo de la diana. En la ECP se han utilizado múltiples estructuras corticales y subcorticales, pero solamente la ECP del núcleo anterior del tálamo tiene una evidencia de clase I. Conclusiones. La ECP en la epilepsia es aún objeto de investigación, con evidencia de clase I en la ECP del núcleo anterior del tálamo. El resto de las dianas ha arrojado resultados variables que deben confirmarse con diseños aleatorizados en series de mayor tamaño.


Assuntos
Estimulação Encefálica Profunda/métodos , Epilepsia Resistente a Medicamentos/terapia , Animais , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Região CA1 Hipocampal/fisiopatologia , Estimulação Encefálica Profunda/efeitos adversos , Ritmo Delta , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Epilepsia Resistente a Medicamentos/fisiopatologia , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Potenciais Pós-Sinápticos Excitadores , Humanos , Especificidade de Órgãos , Ratos , Sinapses/fisiologia
7.
Rev Neurol ; 66(1): 1-6, 2018 Jan 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29251336

RESUMO

AIMS: Simultaneous bilateral implantation of electrodes in the subthalamic nucleus for idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) is associated with long surgery time, language disorders and post-operative confusion. Moreover, there is evidence of ipsilateral improvement after stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus. In order to optimise perioperative management a prospective study is conducted with deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the subthalamic nucleus in two consecutive unilateral procedures. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective study of 41 patients with bilateral IPD, with DBS implantation in two unilateral surgical phases. Its clinical outcomes are analysed according to the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), the Hoehn and Yahr, and the Schwab and England scales, together with their complications. RESULTS: The mean age was 61 ± 7 years old, 23 males. Five patients (12%) did not undergo surgery of the contralateral subthalamic nucleus due to good control. The mean on the motor UPDRS and the Hoehn and Yahr in preoperative pharmacological off was 44 ± 14 and 3, respectively, and 19 ± 8 and 1.8 at six months' follow-up. The mean improvement on the Schwab and England scale in the pre-operative period and at six months was 39%. Two patients suffered post-operative confusion, and one of them had transient dysarthria. CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral DBS in two unilateral stages was an effective option with few complications in our series of patients with IPD. 10% of the patients did not require contralateral electrodes. It would be necessary to conduct a randomised study in patients who underwent bilateral surgery in one and two stages in order to confirm these results.


TITLE: Implantacion bilateral en dos tiempos para estimulacion cerebral profunda en el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Parkinson idiopatica bilateral: resultados clinicos.Objetivo. La implantacion bilateral simultanea de electrodos en el nucleo subtalamico para la enfermedad de Parkinson idiopatica (EPI) se asocia a una duracion elevada de la intervencion, alteraciones del lenguaje y confusion posquirurgica; ademas, existe evidencia de mejoria ipsilateral tras la estimulacion del nucleo subtalamico. Para optimizar el manejo perioperatorio se realiza un estudio prospectivo con estimulacion cerebral profunda (ECP) en el nucleo subtalamico en dos procedimientos unilaterales consecutivos. Pacientes y metodos. Estudio prospectivo de 41 pacientes con EPI bilateral, con implantacion de ECP en dos fases quirurgicas unilaterales. Se analizan sus resultados clinicos segun las escalas Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Hoehn y Yahr, y Schwab y England, asi como sus complicaciones. Resultados. La edad media fue de 61 ± 7 años, 23 hombres. Cinco pacientes (12%) no fueron intervenidos del nucleo subtalamico contralateral por buen control. La media en la UPDRS motora y la Hoehn y Yahr en off farmacologico preoperatorio fue de 44 ± 14 y 3, respectivamente, y de 19 ± 8 y 1,8 a los seis meses de seguimiento. La mejoria media en la escala de Schwab y England en el preoperatorio y a los seis meses fue del 39%. Dos pacientes tuvieron confusion postoperatoria, y uno, disartria transitoria. Conclusiones. La ECP bilateral en dos etapas unilaterales fue una opcion eficaz y con escasas complicaciones en nuestra serie de pacientes con EPI. El 10% de los pacientes no preciso electrodos contralaterales. Seria necesario un estudio aleatorizado en pacientes sometidos a cirugia bilateral en uno y dos tiempos para confirmar estos resultados.


Assuntos
Estimulação Encefálica Profunda/métodos , Doença de Parkinson/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos/métodos , Doença de Parkinson/patologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Implantação de Prótese/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento
8.
Rev Neurol ; 65(7): 322-326, 2017 Oct 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28929474

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The response of the thalamus during the study with somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) is not sufficiently understood. CASE REPORT: A 17-year-old man undergoing surgery for deep brain stimulation in the centromedian nucleus for drug-resistant epilepsy under complete sedation. During the intervention, the responses to SSEPs of the thalamic nuclei were recorded by means of four microelectrodes. These responses can be decomposed into three types: local field potentials (LFP), low amplitude fast oscillations (LFO), and high amplitude slow oscillations (HSO). LFO are widespread in much of the registered regions. However, HSOs are located at a single point in the registry and are closely associated with LFPs. CONCLUSIONS: Although the presence of LFO has been considered as an indicator of the presence of the sensory thalamus, its wide extension by different thalamic nuclei suggests that it is an unspecific response to SSEPs. However, the restricted spatial location of HSO and their association with LFP suggest that these newly described potentials are the markers for the presence of the sensory thalamus. Their identification may prove very useful in thalamic deep brain stimulation either in awake patients or especially in those requiring sedation.


TITLE: Nuevo potencial talamico asociado con potenciales evocados somatosensoriales.Introduccion. La respuesta del talamo durante el estudio con potenciales evocados somatosensoriales (PESS) no esta suficientemente comprendida. Caso clinico. Varon de 30 años intervenido con sedacion completa mediante estimulacion cerebral profunda en el nucleo centromediano por epilepsia farmacorresistente. Durante la intervencion se registraron las respuestas de los nucleos talamicos mediante cuatro microelectrodos a los PESS. Estas respuestas se pueden descomponer en tres tipos: potenciales de campo local (PCL), oscilaciones rapidas de baja amplitud (ORB) y oscilaciones lentas de gran amplitud (OLG). Las ORB estan muy extendidas por gran parte de las regiones registradas (> 5 mm) y en los cuatro electrodos simultaneamente. Sin embargo, las OLG estan localizadas en un unico punto del registro y estan intimamente asociadas con los PCL. Ademas, el analisis de wavelets muestra un componente espectral y un tiempo de aparicion diferentes. Conclusiones. Aunque se ha considerado la presencia de ORB como indicador de la presencia del talamo sensorial, su amplia extension por diferentes nucleos talamicos sugiere que se trata de una respuesta poco especifica a los PESS. Sin embargo, la localizacion espacial restringida de los OLG y su asociacion con PCL sugiere que estos potenciales de nueva descripcion son los marcadores de la presencia del talamo sensorial. Su identificacion puede resultar muy util en estimulacion cerebral profunda talamica en pacientes despiertos y, especialmente, en los que precisen sedacion.


Assuntos
Epilepsia Resistente a Medicamentos/fisiopatologia , Potenciais Somatossensoriais Evocados , Tálamo/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Estimulação Encefálica Profunda , Epilepsia Resistente a Medicamentos/terapia , Humanos , Masculino
9.
Rev Neurol ; 63(12): 537-542, 2016 Dec 16.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27897304

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a non-invasive technique that can be used to assess the integrity of the white matter in the brain. AIMS: To investigate the usefulness of DTI in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and to observe its relationship with lateralisation of the epileptogenic focus in these patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analysed 11 patients diagnosed with TLE in accordance with the pre-surgical protocol of our epilepsy unit, and who were seizure-free two years after performing a temporal lobectomy plus amygdalohippocampectomy (Spencer technique). As part of their pre-operative study, a 1.5 T magnetic resonance brain scan with diffusion tensor imaging was performed. A voxel-based analysis was then employed to study the differences in connectivity between the hemisphere that underwent surgery and the contralateral hemisphere. RESULTS: Compared with the contralateral hemisphere, a statistically significant reduction in fractional anisotropy (p < 0.05) was observed in the corpus callosum, the cingulate, the superior longitudinal fasciculus, the anterior thalamic radiations, the internal capsule, the ventral lateral and pulvinar nuclei of the thalamus, the inferior frontooccipital fasciculus, the uncinate fasciculus, the inferior longitudinal fasciculus and the parahippocampal gyrus, all ipsilateral to the epileptogenic focus. CONCLUSIONS: The characterisation of the abnormalities in the connectivity of the cerebral white matter, by means of DTI in patients with TLE, can be a valuable aid for the lateralisation of the epileptogenic focus in the pre-surgical evaluation of these patients. Further studies with a higher number of patients would be needed to confirm these results.


TITLE: Papel de la imagen por tensor de difusion en el estudio prequirurgico de la epilepsia del lobulo temporal.Introduccion. La imagen por tensor de difusion (DTI) es una tecnica no invasiva que puede ser utilizada para evaluar la integridad de la sustancia blanca cerebral. Objetivo. Investigar la utilidad de la DTI en pacientes con epilepsia del lobulo temporal (ELT) y ver su relacion con la lateralizacion del foco epileptogeno en estos pacientes. Pacientes y metodos. Se analizan 11 pacientes diagnosticados de ELT segun el protocolo de evaluacion prequirurgica de nuestra unidad de epilepsia, y libres de crisis a los dos años de la realizacion de una lobectomia temporal mas amigdalohipocampectomia (tecnica de Spencer). Como parte de su estudio preoperatorio, se realiza una resonancia magnetica cerebral de 1,5 T con secuencia de tensor de difusion y se estudian, mediante un analisis basado en voxel, las diferencias en la conectividad entre el hemisferio intervenido y el contralateral. Resultados. Comparado con el hemisferio contralateral, se observo una reduccion de la anisotropia fraccional estadisticamente significativa (p < 0,05) en el cuerpo calloso, el cingulo, el fasciculo longitudinal superior, las radiaciones talamicas anteriores, la capsula interna, los nucleos ventral lateral y pulvinar del talamo, el fasciculo frontooccipital inferior, el fasciculo uncinado, el fasciculo longitudinal inferior y el giro parahipocampal ipsilaterales al foco epileptogeno. Conclusiones. La caracterizacion de las anormalidades en la conectividad de la sustancia blanca cerebral, a traves de la DTI en pacientes con ELT, puede tener un valor importante para la lateralizacion del foco epileptogeno en la evaluacion prequirurgica. Serian necesarios estudios con un numero mas elevado de pacientes para confirmar estos resultados.


Assuntos
Corpo Caloso/diagnóstico por imagem , Imagem de Tensor de Difusão , Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal/diagnóstico por imagem , Substância Branca/diagnóstico por imagem , Anisotropia , Corpo Caloso/patologia , Humanos , Substância Branca/patologia
10.
Rev Neurol ; 61(6): 241-8, 2015 Sep 16.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26350774

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The presence of a structural lesion in the preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of drug-resistant epilepsy patients has been usually associated with a favourable surgical outcome. We present our experience in our Epilepsy Surgery Unit. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Clinical records from 265 patients, operated on from 1990-2010 in our institution, were reviewed. Patients were classified, according to MRI findings, into three groups: surgical lesion (SL), tumors or vascular malformations requiring surgery 'per se'; orientative lesion (OL), dysplasia, atrophy or mesial temporal sclerosis; and (NL) group, with normal MRI. Seizure outcomes were analysed in relation to this classification. RESULTS: Period 1990-2000, 151 patients: 87% of SL, 65% of OL and 57% of NL patients were in Engel class I or II at the two-year follow-up. Among temporal lobe epilepsy cases (TLE), 87% of SL, 67% of OL and 56% of NL patients achieved seizure control. Differences were statistically significative. Period 2001-2010, 114 patients: 100% of SL, 90% of OL, and 81% of NL patients were in Engel's class I or II. Both TLE and extratemporal (ETLE) SL patients obtained a 100% seizure control. Among the OL patients, 95% with TLE and 43% of ETLE achieved seizure control. In the NL group, the percentages were 88% in TLE, and 50% in ETLE. CONCLUSIONS: In our series, SL was a predictor of a favorable outcome. In TLE patients, good results were achieved despite normal MRI. Patients with ETLE and NL did not have a worse outcome than those with OL. A classification in SL, OL and NL seems more helpful for predicting the surgical outcome than the traditional classification lesion versus non-lesion MRI. Radiological findings must be carefully evaluated in the context of a complete epilepsy surgery evaluation.


TITLE: Clasificacion de las lesiones estructurales en resonancia magnetica. Implicaciones quirurgicas en pacientes con epilepsia farmacorresistente.Introduccion. En la seleccion quirurgica del paciente con epilepsia farmacorresistente, el papel de la resonancia magnetica (RM) no se ha cuantificado hasta el momento. Presentamos la experiencia en nuestra Unidad de Cirugia de la Epilepsia. Pacientes y metodos. Se estudiaron retrospectivamente los pacientes intervenidos por epilepsia farmacorresistente. Distinguimos dos periodos: 1990-2000 (RM de 0,5 T) y 2001-2008 (RM de 1,5 T). La RM preoperatoria se clasifico en tres grupos: RM con lesion quirurgica (LQ), RM orientativa (LO) y RM normal (NL). Tambien se efectuo una clasificacion anatomopatologica similar. Se correlacionaron las distintas clasificaciones y los resultados quirurgicos. Resultados. Periodo 1990-2000: 151 pacientes. El 70% quedo en las clases de Engel I o II. Segun la RM, los resultados fueron: LQ, 87%; LO, 65%; y NL, 57%. Las diferencias fueron estadisticamente significativas. Periodo 2001-2008: 114 pacientes. El 89% quedo en las clases de Engel I o II. Segun la RM: LQ, 100%; LO, 90%; y NL, 81%. Las diferencias fueron estadisticamente significativas. Los pacientes con epilepsia del lobulo temporal y extratemporal con LQ tuvieron un 100% de control; con LO, el 95% con epilepsia del lobulo temporal y el 43% con estado epileptico; en aquellos pacientes sin lesion (NL), el 88% con epilepsia del lobulo temporal se controlo frente al 50% con estado epileptico. Conclusiones. La RM es una herramienta eficaz en la seleccion de candidatos quirurgicos en la epilepsia. La LQ asocia muy buen pronostico. En la epilepsia del lobulo temporal se pueden obtener muy buenos resultados (80-90% de control) a pesar de una RM normal. En el estado epileptico, las LO pueden tener peor resultado que la NL en la RM.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/patologia , Epilepsia Resistente a Medicamentos/patologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Adulto , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Atrofia , Encéfalo/cirurgia , Lesões Encefálicas/complicações , Lesões Encefálicas/patologia , Lesões Encefálicas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/complicações , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/cirurgia , Malformações Vasculares do Sistema Nervoso Central/complicações , Malformações Vasculares do Sistema Nervoso Central/patologia , Malformações Vasculares do Sistema Nervoso Central/cirurgia , Resistência a Medicamentos , Epilepsia Resistente a Medicamentos/tratamento farmacológico , Epilepsia Resistente a Medicamentos/etiologia , Epilepsia Resistente a Medicamentos/cirurgia , Eletroencefalografia/métodos , Encefalite/complicações , Encefalite/patologia , Epilepsias Parciais/tratamento farmacológico , Epilepsias Parciais/etiologia , Epilepsias Parciais/patologia , Epilepsias Parciais/cirurgia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Malformações do Desenvolvimento Cortical/complicações , Malformações do Desenvolvimento Cortical/patologia , Malformações do Desenvolvimento Cortical/cirurgia , Meningite/complicações , Meningite/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Exame Neurológico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/patologia , Prognóstico , Resultado do Tratamento , Esclerose Tuberosa/complicações , Esclerose Tuberosa/patologia , Esclerose Tuberosa/cirurgia , Adulto Jovem
11.
Clin Neurophysiol ; 125(12): 2349-57, 2014 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24820005

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) might have a focal or a network physiopathology. Therefore, the objective of this study was to demonstrate that changes in the spiking activity during electrocorticography (ECoG) could reflect changes in the epileptic network, and the resection of the epileptogenic zone could eliminate the mesial spikes. METHODS: Twenty-five MTLE patients were intraoperatively evaluated by ECoG and the mesial strip was maintained until the lateral cortectomy (LC) was completed. Total spiking activity (TSA, mean spikes/min for all the mesial channels) was computed off-line before and after LC. Either a tailored anterior medial temporal resection or LC was carried out based on the TSA changes. RESULTS: The outcome at 19.1±1.4 months was Engel's class I, 84%; II, 8%; or III, 8%. During the LC, the TSA recorded from the mesial strip did not change in 14 patients, increased in three patients, and decreased in eight patients. In 20% of patients, the mesial activity completely disappeared, and the mesial structures were spared. All of these patients were Engel's class IA. CONCLUSIONS: Our results strongly suggest the existence of physiopathologic differences in MTLE. The identification of these subtypes is fundamental for an individualized surgical approach. SIGNIFICANCE: ECoG would be needed to offer a better surgical approach.


Assuntos
Eletroencefalografia , Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal/fisiopatologia , Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal/cirurgia , Monitorização Intraoperatória/métodos , Potenciais de Ação , Adulto , Eletroencefalografia/métodos , Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto Jovem
12.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis ; 31(7): 1311-8, 2012 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22006011

RESUMO

This study investigated a large population of individuals positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans and performed a two way analysis assessing the relation between the different serotypes of the bacterium and periodontal conditions. The serotypes analysis (serotypes a, b, c, d, e, f) showed that out of the 204 selected individuals positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans, 152 were positive for a single serotype, 27 showed a variable mixed infection and 25 individuals were not positive for any of the serotypes tested. Serotypes a, b and c were largely found (98%), and serotype c was the most prevalent. Serotypes d, e, and f were either not detected or relatively rare. It was also verified that in non-periodontitis individuals, serotypes a and c were more prevalent (p<0.05); in individuals with mild or moderate/severe chronic periodontitis serotype c was also more common (p<0.05); and aggressive periodontitis subjects showed high prevalence of both serotypes b and c (p<0.05). In conclusion, our study showed that serotype c was the most prevalent in both diseased and healthy subjects. Aggressive periodontitis subjects were not exclusively associated with A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b. Non-typeable strains were either not detected or were relatively infrequent, and serotypes d and f were not detected in the examined Brazilian population.


Assuntos
Infecções por Pasteurellaceae/microbiologia , Infecções por Pasteurellaceae/patologia , Pasteurellaceae/classificação , Pasteurellaceae/isolamento & purificação , Periodontite/microbiologia , Periodontite/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Coinfecção/microbiologia , Coinfecção/patologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Pasteurellaceae/epidemiologia , Periodontite/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Sorotipagem , Adulto Jovem
13.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 53(11): 677-687, 1 dic., 2011. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-92135

RESUMO

Resumen. La neuromodulación para el tratamiento del dolor se remonta a los tiempos de los antiguos egipcios, quienes aplicaban corrientes eléctricas producidas en la naturaleza para modular la sensación dolorosa. Desde entonces, este concepto ha evolucionado de forma paralela al desarrollo científico y tecnológico, y se han originado diversas modalidades de neuromodulación con indicaciones y características diferentes. Los pacientes con dolor crónico pueden estar en situaciones de incapacidad significativa, con importantes repercusiones físicas, laborales y sociales. La estimulación de nervios periféricos, medular crónica analgésica, cerebral profunda y motora cortical son técnicas eficaces en pacientes seleccionados, que ofrecen control del dolor con escasos efectos secundarios


Summary. Neuromodulation for treating pain goes back to the times of the ancient Egyptians, who applied natural electric currents to modulate the painful sensation. Since then, this concept has been developed in parallel with the scientific and technological development, and various forms of neuromodulation with different indications and characteristics have originated. Chronic pain may produce significant disability, which leads to important physical, social and psychological consequences. Peripheral nerve, spinal cord, deep brain and motor cortex stimulation are safe and effective techniquesthat control pain and improve quality of life in selected patients


Assuntos
Humanos , Dor/cirurgia , Estimulação Encefálica Profunda/métodos , Neuroestimuladores Implantáveis , Estimulação Elétrica Nervosa Transcutânea/métodos , Seleção de Pacientes , Analgesia/métodos
14.
Rev Neurol ; 53(3): 153-64, 2011 Aug 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21748713

RESUMO

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that affects 1-2% of the population. The majority of epileptic patients achieve a good seizure control with the current available treatments. However, there is a subgroup of patients that remain severely disable despite the variety of anti-epileptic drugs, the possibility of surgery for resection of the epileptogenic foci in selected patients, and vagal nerve stimulation; various lines of research are being carried out to look for new treatment alternatives. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the thalamus has emerged as a therapeutic alternative for patients who remain in-capacitated; the efficacy of this new therapy is subject of several studies, and its effectiveness and safety has not been established yet. There are other targets for deep brain stimulation that may be useful for drug-resistant epilepsy. Experiments with animal models and preliminary human studies have shown encouraging results with DBS on cerebellum, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, hippocampus and cerebral cortex, among others. The purpose of this review is to revisit the studies that have been carried out on these brain nuclei, as targets for DBS for drug-resistant epilepsy. Studies have shown varying degrees of effectiveness, and there is a need for controlled trials to draw any definite conclusions.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/anatomia & histologia , Estimulação Encefálica Profunda/métodos , Epilepsia/terapia , Animais , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Humanos
15.
Rev Neurol ; 47(9): 477-82, 2008.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18985598

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT: Depression is the most prevalent of all psychiatric disorders. The majority of patients respond to drug therapy and psychotherapy and electroconvulsive therapy are effective in a significant group of medically-resistant patients. Despite these approaches, there are still patients who remain severely disabled. For these patients other therapeutic options must be considered. The advent of deep brain stimulation has revolutionized the treatment of movement disorders. Because of its efficacy, reversibility and safety, the use of deep brain stimulation is becoming more widespread. As a result of our increasing understanding of the mood and affective circuits and their dysfunction in pathologic states, we have been able to identify potential targets for deep brain stimulation for treatment resistant depression. CONCLUSION: Despite the limited studies on the role of deep brain stimulation for treatment resistant depression, their results have been positive and they have provided the base for future trials to investigate deep brain stimulation as a treatment for resistant depression.


Assuntos
Estimulação Encefálica Profunda , Transtorno Depressivo/terapia , Transtorno Depressivo/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Vias Neurais/fisiologia
16.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 47(9): 477-482, 1 nov., 2008. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-70551

RESUMO

Introducción y desarrollo. La depresión es la patología psiquiátrica más prevalente. La mayoría de los pacientescon depresión responde al tratamiento con fármacos. Entre los pacientes resistentes, la psicoterapia y la terapia electroconvulsiva son efectivas en otro porcentaje significativo. A pesar de estas alternativas, hay un grupo de pacientes resistentes que permanecen gravemente incapacitados. Para estos pacientes es necesaria la búsqueda de nuevas opciones terapéuticas. Laaparición de la estimulación cerebral profunda ha supuesto una revolución en el campo de los movimientos anormales, y sus indicaciones se están ampliando, ya que suponen un tratamiento seguro, eficaz y reversible. El conocimiento cada vez mayor de los circuitos implicados en el procesamiento afectivo y de sus alteraciones en los estados psicopatológicos ha hecho posiblela identificación de dianas terapéuticas potenciales en el tratamiento de la depresión resistente. Conclusión. Aunque hasta ahora se han realizado pocas intervenciones con estimulación cerebral profunda para la depresión, sus resultados han sidopositivos, y suponen la base para estudios posteriores que establezcan el papel de la estimulación cerebral profunda comotratamiento en pacientes con depresión resistente


Introduction and development. Depression is the most prevalent of all psychiatric disorders. The majority of patients respond to drug therapy and psychotherapy and electroconvulsive therapy are effective in a significant group of medicallyresistant patients. Despite these approaches, there are still patients who remain severely disabled. For these patients other therapeutic options must be considered. The advent of deep brain stimulation has revolutionized the treatment of movementdisorders. Because of its efficacy, reversibility and safety, the use of deep brain stimulation is becoming more widespread. As a result of our increasing understanding of the mood and affective circuits and their dysfunction in pathologic states, we havebeen able to identify potential targets for deep brain stimulation for treatment resistant depression. Conclusion. Despite the limited studies on the role of deep brain stimulation for treatment resistant depression, their results have been positive andthey have provided the base for future trials to investigate deep brain stimulation as a treatment for resistant depression


Assuntos
Humanos , Transtorno Depressivo/terapia , Terapia por Estimulação Elétrica/métodos , Eletroconvulsoterapia , Psicocirurgia/tendências
17.
Artigo | Index Psicologia - Periódicos | ID: psi-8100

RESUMO

Instrumentos e tecnicas de exame sao adequadamente utilizados para a investigacao das caracteristicas necessarias aos candidatos em selecao. Desta forma, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo fazer um levantamento das tecnicas e instrumentos utilizados em Brasilia, e veificar a validade que lhes e atribuida por profissionais da area. Foram utlizados como sujeitos 59 psicologos, 44 de organizacoes publicas e 14 de organizacoes privadas. Os sujeitos responderam a um questionario que lhes era entregue pelos pesquisadores, onde deveriam listar as tecnicas e instrumentos por eles utilizados nas organizacoes e atribuir, a cada uma delas, um grau de validade. Os resultados apontam para uma frequencia media na utilizacao dos testes de inteligencia, uma baixa frequencia para os de aptidao, sendo atribuida para esees dois tipos uma baixa validade. Para tecnicas de Entrevistas e Provas de Conhecimentos tanto uma alta frequencia quanto um grau de validade foram encontrados. Para as tecnicas de Simulacao observou-se uma grande validade e uma baixa utilizacao. Discutiu-se que, embora sendo considerados como pouco validos, os testes sao mais utilizados devido a praticidade de manuseio da tecnica, sendo que o mesmo nao ocorre com as tecnicas de entrevista e de simulacao.


Assuntos
Seleção de Pessoal , Seleção de Pessoal
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...