Flavonol glycosides found in hydroethanolic extracts from Tilia cordata, a species utilized as anxiolytics / Flavonóides glicosídeos encontrados no extrato hidroalcoólico de Tilia cordata, espécie usada como ansiolítico

Tilia species, among which is Tilia cordata Mill. (Tiliaceae), have been used in folk medicine as anxiolytic. The hydroethanolic extract was analyzed by using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS in negative ion mode, and its chemical composition was compared to flavonoids reported as anxiolytics. The major flavonoids found were: quercetin-3,7-di-O-rhamnoside, kaempferol-3,7-di-O-rhamnoside and kaempferol 3-O-(6"-p-coumaroyl glucoside) or tiliroside. The anxiolytic activity of the genus Tilia has been attributed to the presence of quercetin and kaempferol derivatives, while the anxiolytic activity of T. americana var. Mexicana was attributed to tiliroside, which was also found among the major constituents of this species.

As espécies de Tilia, entre elas, a Tilia cordata Mill. (Tiliaceae) são utilizadas como ansiolíticas na medicina popular. O extrato hidroalcoólico foi analisado usando cromatografia líquida acoplada à espectrometria de massas HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS/MS no modo negativo e a sua composição química foi comparada com os flavonóides já reportados como ansiolíticos. Os principais flavonóides encontrados foram: quercetina-3,7-di-O-rhamnosideo, canferol-3,7-di-O-rhamnosideo, e canferol 3-O-(6"-p-cumaroil glucosideo) ou tilirosideo. A atividade ansiolítica do gênero Tília tem sido atribuída à presença de derivados de canferol e quercetina, enquanto que a atividade ansiolítica da T. americana var. Mexicana foi atribuída ao tilirosideo, o qual também foi encontrado entre os principais constituintes desta espécie.

Evaluation of the anti-ulcerogenic activity of a dry extract of Maytenus ilicifolia Martius ex. Reiss produced by a jet spouted bed dryer.

We undertook the present study to evaluate the activity of the dried extract of Maytenus ilicifolia against stomach ulcers and in the increase of the volume and pH of the gastric juice of Wistar rats, as a model to evaluate the viability of the Jet Spouted Bed Dryer for the production of dry-extracts of medicinal Brazilian plants. The extract was obtained from the drying of a hydro-alcoholic extract with drying aid (40% of colloidal SiO2 related to solid content in the concentrated extract, at a concentration of 15.82% in water). The drying conditions employed were: Temperature of the spouting gas 150 degrees C, feed flow-rate of hydro-alcoholic extract 16.0 g/min, feed flow rate of the spouting gas 1.67 m3/min and static bed height 7.0 cm. Wistar rats received three different doses (140, 280 and 420 mg/kg) of the dried extract by intraperitoneal way and, after 60 minutes, were immobilized with wire screen and placed at temperature of 4 degrees C for two hours (cold-restraint stress). The animals were sacrificed and the stomach removed, examined and the volume and pH of the gastric secretion determined. A significant reduction in the ulceration index, was observed as well as a significant increase of the volume and of the pH of the gastric secretion for all doses administered. This is an indication that the preparation of dried extracts by the Jet spouted bed technique does not alter the biological activity of Maytenus ilicifolia.

Supersensitivity to morphine of the transmurally stimulated vas deferens isolated from ethanol-pretreated mice.

The effect of chronic ethanol pretreatment on the sensitivity of the transmurally stimulated mouse vas deferens to morphine was studied. Vasa deferentia isolated from ethanol-pretreated mice showed supersensitivity to the twitch inhibitory effect of morphine. The affinity of the vas deferens mu-opioid receptors for naloxone was increased. It is concluded that ethanol pretreatment induces mu-opioid receptor alterations which are, at least partially, responsible for the observed supersensitivity to morphine.

Supersensitivity to GABA in the transmurally-stimulated vas deferens isolated from ethanol-dependent mice.

The effects of ethanol dependence on the sensitivity of the transmurally-stimulated mouse vas deferens to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), noradrenaline and histamine were studied. Tissues isolated from ethanol-dependent mice showed supersensitivity to the twitch inhibitory effect GABA. Sensitivity to noradrenaline and histamine was not significantly altered. Exposure to ethanol in vitro significantly increased the sensitivity of the isolated mouse vas deferens to the inhibitory effect of histamine, noradrenaline and GABA. Pretreatment of vasa deferentia isolated from ethanol-dependent mice with bicuculline did not block the ethanol-induced supersensitivity to GABA, and naloxone was without effect on the supersensitivity to GABA observed in the transmurally-stimulated mouse vas deferens. It is concluded that ethanol dependence induces supersensitivity of the transmurally-stimulated mouse vas deferens to GABA, which is mediated by a bicuculline and naloxone-insensitive GABA receptor.