RESUMO
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: Studies on the efficacy of erbium laser for enhancement of enamel resistance to acid attacks and its effects on fluoride uptake by the enamel are limited. PURPOSE: This study sought to assess and compare the effects of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser irradiation and application of acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel (alone and in combination) on remineralization of artificial white spot lesions (WSLs). MATERIALS AND METHOD: This in vitro, experimental study evaluated 90 buccal and lingual slabs of extracted human premolars. The specimens underwent pH cycling to induce WSLs. They were then randomly divided into 6 groups of caries-free positive control (c+), negative control with WSLs (ws), 1.23% APF gel applied on the enamel (F), Er:YAG laser irradiation (80 mJ, 10 Hz, and 8 J/cm2) of enamel (L), APF gel application followed by laser irradiation (FL), and laser irradiation followed by fluoride gel application (LF). The fluoride ion content of specimens was measured before and after the intervention using a potentiometer. Data were analyzed by ANOVA (p< 0.05). RESULTS: APF gel application before/after laser irradiation maximally increased the fluoride uptake by the enamel (p= 0.000). Application of APF gel in group F and laser irradiation in group L increased fluoride uptake by the enamel, compared with groups 1 and 2 (p= 0.000). Laser- treated (L) and APF-treated (F) groups had no significant difference in this respect (p= 0.945). Maximum fluoride concentration was noted in combined laser and fluoride groups (FL=332.07ppm and LF=341.27ppm) with no significant difference between the two (p= 1.000). CONCLUSION: Er:YAG laser irradiation changes the chemical composition of enamel and probably promote its remineralization, especially when combined with APF gel application, which highlights its cariostatic potential.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Pregnancy and birth giving are two of the most important and common effective factors influencing female sexual function. Sexual dysfunction can affect women's quality of life and marriage. This research tried to determine the relation between labor type and long term sexual function in primipara women of Sabzevar, Iran. METHODS: This cross-sectional study took place in Sabzevar healthcare system in 2014. Study population was chosen by random sampling from every primipara woman who had delivered 2 years ago, in Sabzevar Hospitals. A total number of 177 primipara women were enrolled in this study after signing an informed contest. Sexual function of mothers was determined by validated Persian version of female sexual function index (FSFI). SPSS statistical software version 19 and descriptive and inferential statistics such as percentage, mean, standard deviation, Chi square, student t-test and fisher exact test were used to analyze data. RESULTS: Among the study population, 69.5% had natural vaginal delivery (NVD) and 30.5% had caesarean section (C/S). The overall FSFI score was not significantly different in women undergoing NVD or C/S (p=0.23). Also, no significant relation was found between delivery method and urinary (p=0.07) and fecal incontinency (p=0.6). Female sexual function was prominent in women with urinary (p=0.015) and fecal incontinency (p=0.018). CONCLUSION: The results of present study showed that delivery method has no long-term effect on female sexual function and appropriate education about the sexual issues after delivery and effect of birth giving on sexual function are necessary for this group of society.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Entonox (N2O2) which is an inhalational gas for relieving labor pain is commonly used intermittently; however some women are interested in continuous breathing in face mask. So we decided to compare the complications induced by two methods to find out whether it is safe to permit the mothers to use Entonox continuously or not. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This randomized clinical trial was performed in Mobini Hospital, Sabzevar, Iran. 50 parturients used Entonox intermittently and 50 cases used it continuously during labor. Then obstetrical outcomes were analyzed in two groups by spss 17 software, t-test, and Chi(2) while P < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: This study showed the mean duration of second stage of labor had no significant difference (P = 0.3). Perineal laceration was less in continuous group significantly (P = 0.04). Assisted vaginal birth was not different significantly (P = 0.4). Uterine atony had no significant difference in two groups (P = 0.2). Maternal collaboration in pushing and satisfaction were higher in continuous group significantly (P = 0.03), (P < 0.0001). Apgar score of neonates at first and fifth minute was acceptable and not different significantly in two groups (P = 0.3). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated continuous method is also safe. So, it seems reasonable to set mothers free to choose the desired method of Entonox usage.
