Nonsupersymmetric Heterotic Branes.

The common statement that any consistent quantum gravity theory contains dynamical objects with all possible charges suggests that there are still a number of hitherto-unidentified branes in string theory. Here we give the exact worldsheet description of near-horizon limits of nonsupersymmetric p-branes in ten-dimensional Spin(32)/Z_{2} or (E_{8}×E_{8})⋊Z_{2} heterotic superstring theories for p=7, 6, 4, 0.

Numerical Evidence for a Haagerup Conformal Field Theory.

We numerically study an anyon chain based on the Haagerup fusion category and find evidence that it leads in the long-distance limit to a conformal field theory whose central charge is ∼2. Fusion categories generalize the concept of finite group symmetries to noninvertible symmetry operations, and the Haagerup fusion category is the simplest one which comes from neither finite groups nor affine Lie algebras. As such, ours is the first example of conformal field theories which have truly exotic generalized symmetries. Basically the same result was independently obtained in the preceding Letter [Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 231602 (2022)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.128.231602].

Fermionic Minimal Models.

We show that there is a fermionic minimal model, i.e., a 1+1D conformal field theory which contains operators of half-integral spins in its spectrum, for each c=1-6/m(m+1), m≥3. This generalizes the Majorana fermion for c=1/2, m=3 and the smallest N=1 supersymmetric minimal model for c=7/10, m=4. We provide explicit Hamiltonians on Majorana chains realizing these fermionic minimal models.

Classification of String Theories via Topological Phases.

We point out that the choice of phases in Gliozzi-Scherk-Olive projections can be accounted for by a choice of fermionic symmetry-protected topological phases on the world sheet of the string. This point of view not only easily explains why there are essentially two type II theories, but also predicts that there are unoriented type 0 theories labeled by n mod 8 and that there is an essentially unique choice of the type I world sheet theory. We also discuss the relationship between this point of view and the K-theoretic classification of D-branes.

Anomaly of the Electromagnetic Duality of Maxwell Theory.

We consider the (3+1)-dimensional Maxwell theory in the situation where going around nontrivial paths in the spacetime involves the action of the duality transformation exchanging the electric field and the magnetic field, as well as its SL(2,Z) generalizations. We find that the anomaly of this system in a particular formulation is 56 times that of a Weyl fermion. This result is derived in two independent ways: one is by using the bulk symmetry protected topological phase in (4+1) dimensions characterizing the anomaly, and the other is by considering the properties of a (5+1)-dimensional superconformal field theory known as the E-string theory. This anomaly of the Maxwell theory plays an important role in the consistency of string theory.

Derivation of the Time-Reversal Anomaly for (2+1)-Dimensional Topological Phases.

We prove an explicit formula conjectured recently by Wang and Levin for the anomaly of time-reversal symmetry in (2+1)-dimensional fermionic topological quantum field theories. The crucial step is to determine the cross-cap state in terms of the modular S matrix and T^{2} eigenvalues, generalizing the recent analysis by Barkeshli et al. in the bosonic case.

Central charges of Liouville and Toda theories from M5-branes.

We show that the central charge of the Liouville and Toda theories of type A, D, and E can be reproduced by equivariantly integrating the anomaly eight-form of the corresponding six-dimensional N=(0,2) theories, which describe the low-energy dynamics of M5-branes.

Explanation of the central charge ratio 27/32 in four-dimensional renormalization group flows between superconformal theories.

We show that when a four-dimensional N = 2 superconformal field theory (SCFT) flows to an N = 1 SCFT via giving a mass to the adjoint chiral superfield in a vector multiplet with marginal coupling, the central charges a and c of the N = 2 theory are related to those of the N = 1 theory by a universal linear transformation as long as there are no accidental symmetries in the infrared. In the large N limit, this relationship implies that the central charges obey a_{IR}/a_{UV} = c_{IR}/c_{UV} = 27/32. This gives a physical explanation to many examples of this number found in the literature, and also suggests the existence of a flow between some theories not previously thought to be connected.

Field-size dependence of doses of therapeutic carbon beams.

To estimate the physical dose at the center of spread-out Bragg peaks (SOBP) for various conditions of the irradiation system, a semiempirical approach was applied. The dose at the center of the SOBP depends on the field size because of large-angle scattering particles in the water phantom. For a small field of 5 x 5 cm2, the dose was reduced to 99.2%, 97.5%, and 96.5% of the dose used for the open field in the case of 290, 350, and 400 MeV/n carbon beams, respectively. Based on the three-Gaussian form of the lateral dose distributions of the carbon pencil beam, which has previously been shown to be effective for describing scattered carbon beams, we reconstructed the dose distributions of the SOBP beam. The reconstructed lateral dose distribution reproduced the measured lateral dose distributions very well. The field-size dependencies calculated using the reconstructed lateral dose distribution of the therapeutic carbon beam agreed with the measured dose dependency very well. The reconstructed beam was also used for irregularly shaped fields. The resultant dose distribution agreed with the measured dose distribution. The reconstructed beams were found to be applicable to the treatment-planning system.