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1.
Free Radic Biol Med ; 113: 487-493, 2017 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29107744

RESUMO

Oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) is implicated in a variety of oxidative diseases. To clarify the mechanisms involved and facilitate the investigation of therapeutics, we previously developed a detection method for lipid-derived radicals using the fluorescent probe 2,2,6-trimethyl-6-pentyl-4-(4-nitrobenzo[1,2,5]oxadiazol-7-ylamino)piperidine-1-oxyl (NBD-Pen). In this study, NBD-Pen was used to detect lipid-derived radicals in Ox-LDL from in vitro and in vivo samples using an iron overloaded mouse model. By following the timeline of lipid radical generation using this method, the iron overloaded mice could be successfully treated with the antioxidant Trolox, resulting in successful lowering of the plasma lipid peroxidation, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase levels. Furthermore, using a combination therapy of the chelating agent deferoxamine (DFX) and Trolox, liver injury and oxidative stress markers were also reduced in iron overloaded mice. The NBD-Pen method is highly sensitive as well as selective and is suitable for targeting minimally modified LDL compared with other existing methods.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Sobrecarga de Ferro/tratamento farmacológico , Ferro/metabolismo , Lipoproteínas LDL/sangue , 4-Cloro-7-nitrobenzofurazano/análogos & derivados , 4-Cloro-7-nitrobenzofurazano/química , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Animais , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Cromanos/farmacologia , Óxidos N-Cíclicos/química , Desferroxamina/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Corantes Fluorescentes/química , Radicais Livres/antagonistas & inibidores , Radicais Livres/metabolismo , Humanos , Sobrecarga de Ferro/metabolismo , Sobrecarga de Ferro/patologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Estresse Oxidativo , Espectrometria de Fluorescência
2.
Br J Pharmacol ; 174(19): 3370-3381, 2017 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28750135

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Visceral hypersensitivity is responsible for pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Therefore, its prevention can help avoid abdominal pain and discomfort in IBS. To find candidate drugs for visceral hypersensitivity, we screened existing medicines for their ability to prevent visceral sensitivity induced by colorectal distension (CRD) in rats and identified chlorpromazine, a typical antipsychotic drug, as a candidate compound. In this study, we investigated the effect of chlorpromazine on visceral hypersensitivity. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Visceral sensitivity (visceromotor response) was monitored by measuring the electrical activity of the abdominal external oblique muscle contraction in response to CRD using a barostat apparatus. Visceral hypersensitivity was induced by a colonic instillation of sodium butyrate or acetic acid in neonates. KEY RESULTS: Oral administration of chlorpromazine suppressed butyrate-induced visceral hypersensitivity to CRD. Interestingly, atypical antipsychotic drugs, quetiapine and risperidone, ameliorated butyrate-induced visceral hypersensitivity, whereas the typical antipsychotic drugs, haloperidol and sulpiride, did not. Pharmacological analysis using specific inhibitors showed that a selective 5-HT2A receptor antagonist, ketanserin, suppressed butyrate-induced visceral hypersensitivity, whereas a selective dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, L-741626, did not. Furthermore, the 5-HT2A receptor agonist AL-34662 stimulated visceral sensitivity to CRD in healthy control rats but not in butyrate-treated rats. These findings suggest that increased 5-HT levels in the colon contribute to the induction of visceral hypersensitivity. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Our results indicate that chlorpromazine ameliorates visceral hypersensitivity and that the 5-HT2A receptor is a potential therapeutic target for treating abdominal pain and discomfort in IBS.


Assuntos
Antipsicóticos/uso terapêutico , Clorpromazina/uso terapêutico , Antagonistas do Receptor 5-HT2 de Serotonina/uso terapêutico , Dor Visceral/tratamento farmacológico , Ácido Acético , Animais , Antipsicóticos/farmacologia , Ácido Butírico , Clorpromazina/farmacologia , Colo/efeitos dos fármacos , Colo/metabolismo , Gânglios Espinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Gânglios Espinais/metabolismo , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Ratos Wistar , Receptor 5-HT2A de Serotonina/metabolismo , Serotonina/metabolismo , Antagonistas do Receptor 5-HT2 de Serotonina/farmacologia , Dor Visceral/induzido quimicamente , Dor Visceral/metabolismo
3.
Sci Rep ; 7: 40214, 2017 01 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28054654

RESUMO

Pharmacological therapy for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has not been established. In order to find candidate drugs for IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D), we screened a compound library of drugs clinically used for their ability to prevent stress-induced defecation and visceral hypersensitivity in rats. We selected the bronchodilator aminophylline from this library. Using a specific inhibitor for each subtype of adenosine receptors (ARs) and phosphodiesterases (PDEs), we found that both A2BARs and PDE4 are probably mediated the inhibitory effect of aminophylline on wrap restraint stress (WRS)-induced defecation. Aminophylline suppressed maternal separation- and acetic acid administration-induced visceral hypersensitivity to colorectal distension (CRD), which was mediated by both A2AARs and A2BARs. We propose that aminophylline is a candidate drug for IBS-D because of its efficacy in both of stress-induced defecation and visceral hypersensitivity, as we observed here, and because it is clinically safe.


Assuntos
Aminofilina/administração & dosagem , Broncodilatadores/administração & dosagem , Diarreia/tratamento farmacológico , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/administração & dosagem , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Ratos , Resultado do Tratamento
4.
Geriatr Gerontol Int ; 17(1): 54-60, 2017 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26792269

RESUMO

AIM: The aim of the present study was to identify factors associated with sarcopenia in community-dwelling elderly women in Japan. METHODS: A total of 186 women aged over 65 years attending preventive care classes were enrolled in the study. Muscle mass was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Sarcopenia was defined as low muscle mass and low muscle strength in accord with the consensus report of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Data regarding household status (living alone, with a spouse, or with children and/or grandchildren), calf circumference and the presence of locomotive syndrome were obtained, as well as dietary variety score, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence and Mini-Nutritional Assessment short form, and 10-item Eating Assessment Tool scores. RESULTS: Sarcopenia was identified in 21.0% of participants. Participants with sarcopenia were older, had a lower body mass index and calf circumference, and were more likely to have locomotive syndrome, and living with children and/or grandchildren. In multivariate analysis, age, body mass index <18.5 and locomotive syndrome were significantly associated with sarcopenia, as were associated living alone (OR 1.69, 95% CI 0.45-6.41), and living with children and/or grandchildren (OR 2.46, 95% CI 0.71-8.54) and dietary variety score ≥9 (OR 4.98, 95% CI 0.97-25.56). CONCLUSIONS: Age, body mass index, dietary variety score, locomotive syndrome and household status were associated with sarcopenia. Early interventions are required for older adults identified as having a higher risk of sarcopenia to prevent its adverse health consequences. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 54-60.


Assuntos
Limitação da Mobilidade , Características de Residência , Sarcopenia/epidemiologia , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Avaliação Geriátrica , Humanos , Japão , Sarcopenia/complicações , Fatores Sexuais , Síndrome
5.
Nat Chem Biol ; 12(8): 608-13, 2016 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27294322

RESUMO

Lipids and their metabolites are easily oxidized in chain reactions initiated by lipid radicals, forming lipid peroxidation products that include the electrophiles 4-hydroxynonenal and malondialdehyde. These markers can bind cellular macromolecules, causing inflammation, apoptosis and other damage. Methods to detect and neutralize the initiating radicals would provide insights into disease mechanisms and new therapeutic approaches. We describe the first high-sensitivity, specific fluorescence probe for lipid radicals, 2,2,6-trimethyl-4-(4-nitrobenzo[1,2,5]oxadiazol-7-ylamino)-6-pentylpiperidine-1-oxyl (NBD-Pen). NBD-Pen directly detected lipid radicals in living cells by turn-on fluorescence. In a rat model of hepatic carcinoma induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN), NBD-Pen detected lipid radical generation within 1 h of DEN administration. The lipid radical scavenging moiety of NBD-Pen decreased inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress markers at 24 h after DEN, and liver tumor development at 12 weeks. Thus, we have developed a novel fluorescence probe that provides imaging information about lipid radical generation and potential therapeutic benefits in vivo.


Assuntos
4-Cloro-7-nitrobenzofurazano/análogos & derivados , Óxidos N-Cíclicos/análise , Óxidos N-Cíclicos/química , Corantes Fluorescentes/análise , Corantes Fluorescentes/química , Radicais Livres/análise , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Lipídeos/química , 4-Cloro-7-nitrobenzofurazano/análise , 4-Cloro-7-nitrobenzofurazano/química , 4-Cloro-7-nitrobenzofurazano/farmacologia , 4-Cloro-7-nitrobenzofurazano/uso terapêutico , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Óxidos N-Cíclicos/farmacologia , Óxidos N-Cíclicos/uso terapêutico , Dietilnitrosamina , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Corantes Fluorescentes/farmacologia , Corantes Fluorescentes/uso terapêutico , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/análise , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/química , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/uso terapêutico , Radicais Livres/química , Radicais Livres/metabolismo , Inflamação/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias Hepáticas/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Hepáticas/química , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Estrutura Molecular , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Espectrometria de Fluorescência
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