[Sensitivity to disinfectants of Candid albicans strains isolated from the hospital environment]. / Wrazliwosc na srodki dezynfekujace szczepów Candida albicans izolowanych ze srodowiska szpitalnego.

In recent years an increase of the incidence of Candida infections caused mainly by C. albicans strains especially in high risk inpatients with neoplasms, decreased immunity, burns and after treatment with multiple antibiotics has been observed. Candida organisms are particularly dangerous for newborns being responsible for about 30% of septicaemia cases in newborns in intensive care units. Fungal infections can be endogenous in origin but exogenous infection sources occur in hospitals. The cause of the latter are errors in aseptic management and insufficiently disinfected medical instruments and equipment. The purpose of the study was a comparison of the sensitivity to disinfectants of C. albicans belonging to two laboratory strains C. albicans PZH and C. albicans ATCC 10231 used for the determination of concentrations of two disinfectants used. Besides that, this sensitivity was determined in 14 strains isolated from the patients and one from the circuit of dialysis solution supply to artificial kidney. The study was carried out by the qualitative suspension method, in which the cells in the fluid were subjected to the action of disinfectants, and by the carrier method in which the cells of the microorganisms were present on the surface of metal cylinders. By the suspension method the sensitivity was determined to chloramine T in concentrations from 5.0% to 0.001%, formalin from 10.0% to 0.25%, glutaraldehyde from 2.0% to 0.1%, Septyl from 3.5% to 0.25%. The exposure time was 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 minutes. The tested strains differed in their sensitivity to the disinfectants used. The greatest interstrain differences were observed in the sensitivity to the disinfectants used. The greatest interstrain differences were observed in the sensitivity to chloramine T. The highest concentrations were tolerated by the strains isolated from the patients and from the artificial kidney circuit as well as by the standard strain ATCC 10231. In the 10-minute exposure time accepted by us as comparison standard these strains were 200-time less susceptible to chloramine than the standard C. albicans PZH strain. Two strain isolated from the patients were tenfold as sensitivive. The sensitivity to the remaining tested disinfectants showed less evident differences. The sensitivity of the strains from the patients to formalin was similar to that of the standard PZH strain. A similar sensitivity was found to Septyl, with the exception of the strain from the artificial kidney circuit which was sevenfold less sensitive than the PZH strain. In the case of glutaraldehyde 9 strains from the patients and the ATCC 10231 strain were two or four times less sensitive than the PZH strain. No cross-sensitivity or tolerance to the disinfectants were noted in the study. Both standard strains were similarly sensitive to formalin, but the ATCC 10231 strain was less sensitive to Septyl, glutaraldehyde and chloramine T. In the experiment by the carrier method the effect was evidenced of the surface on the action of disinfectants. This was particularly evident in the case of chloramine T. Even in sensitive strains the disinfection parameters (concentration and exposure time) were significantly higher than in the suspension method. The least sensitive strains survived the effect of 5% chloramine during 2 hours of exposure. Septyl in the working concentration 2.5% at 10-minute exposure time disinfected all carriers with the exception of that carrying the strain isolated from the artificial kidney circuit, which survived 15% Septyl exposure during 10 minutes. The disinfectant Aldesan (2% glutaraldehyde) and formalin 8% killed all fungi during 10 minutes. The study shows that the sensitivity of C. albicans strains to disinfectants varies. For the assessment of the fungicidal action of disinfectants the standard test ATCC 10231 should be used since its sensitivity was similar to that of most strains from the patients and medical equipment. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)

[Sensitivity of Pseudomonas sp. strain isolated from distilled water to disinfectants]. / Wrazliwosc na srodki dezynfekcyjne szczepu Pseudomonas wyizolowanego z wody destylowanej.

The aim of the study was to compare Pseudomonas sp. strain isolated from distilled water and grown on the sterile filtrate from this water with the referent strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 6749 grown under the standard conditions, with the respect to their sensitivity to eight common disinfectants. Partly modified EN 1040 method was applied. The reduction factor (RF) for at least five concentrations of each of the products were determined. The linear relationship between concentration of the disinfectants and RF was established in a graphic form. Sensitivity of the strains was compared at the RF = 4. The WS strain was found to be more sensitivity than the referent strain to the disinfectants. The ratio concentrations of the solutions that were effective during 15 minutes against both the strains were; 1.3 for ethyl alcohol; 2.1 for glutaraldehyde; 1.7 for formalin; 1.85 for phenol. In the case of chloramine-T, the sodium salt of dichloroisocyanuric acid, and peracetic acid the ratios of concentrations were 156.0; 96.5 and 21.5 respectively. They indicate much higher sensitivity of the strain isolated from distilled water to these chemicals.

[Factors modulating the sensitivity of bacterial spores to steam under pressure]. / Czynniki modelujace wrazliwosc spor bakterii na dzialanie pary wodnej w nadcisnieniu.

The sensitivity of spores B. subtilis and B. stearothermophilus to steam under pressure depended on the growth medium and duration of cultivation. B. subtilis and B. stearothermophilus produced the largest number of spores on medium with Mn and yeast extract. However the spores grown on the medium were not the most resistant. The resistant spores was growing up with the age of cultures. The highest level of resistance was obtained in the case of the medium with Ca, after 7-10 days of cultivation. The sporicidal effect of steam under pressure depended on the number of spores on the test.

[Microbiological contamination of disinfectants used in hospitals for the disinfection of medical instruments. Part II: The estimation of sensitivity of isolated strains of bacteria in disinfectants]. / Zanieczyszczenie mikrobiologiczne plynów stosowanych w szpitalach do dezynfekcji narzedzi lekarskich. Czesc II. Okreslenie wrazliwosci wyizolowanych szczepów bakterii na srodki dezynfekcyjne.

The sensitivity, on basic disinfectants, of 30 strains of bacteria isolated from disinfecting fluid used in hospitals were estimated. The sensitivity of isolated strains were compared with that of laboratory test strains.

[Microbiological contamination of disinfectants used in the hospitals for the disinfection of medical instruments. Part I]. / Zanieczyszczenie mikrobiologiczne plynów stosowanych w szpitalach do dezynfekcji narzedzi lekarskich. Czesc I.

Among the 10 bactericidal agents which were used in the hospitals to disinfection of medical instruments, Aldesan was the preparation exerting the strongest bactericidal effect. The highest bacterial counts were observed in the used solutions of Sterinol and preparations containing chlorhexidinum gluconicum. The bacterial contamination of ethyl alcohol 70% v/v shows that this solution should not be used to disinfection of "clean" medical instruments. The considerable proportion of samples contained Gram-positive cocci. It is reasonable, therefore, to compare the sensitivity of bacteria strains isolated from hospitals to disinfectants with that of the laboratory test strains.

[Bacterial age and their susceptibility to disinfectants]. / Wrazliwosc wybranych drobnoustrojów na srodki dezynfekcyjne w zaleznosci od wieku hodowli.

The comparative tests were carried out on 4 standard test microorganisms grown 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, with regard to their susceptibility to 6 disinfectants. The activity of disinfectants was examined by Berry and Bean method--mean single survival time (MSST). The results indicate that 24 h grown bacteria have the lowest susceptibility to phenol, Septyl, formalin, glutaraldehyde, chloramine and Sterinol. The MSST of these short time grown bacteria was 2-3 times longer than that of 72 h grown.

[Sensitivity of surface microorganisms to disinfectants]. / Wrazliwosc na srodki dezynfekcyjne drobnoustrojów znajdujacych sie na powierzchniach.

The influence of humidity and temperature on survival of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa on the surfaces of titles, glass and blanket carriers has been estimated. The number of CFU was examined after exposure time 6 and 24 hours in temperatures of 21 degrees C, 37 degrees C and RH 35%, 95%. It was observed: 1. The important reduction of numbers of both microorganisms at temperature 37 degrees C and RH 95%, 2. The relatively high number of survival cells of P. aeruginosa on the surface of blankets at temp. 21 degrees C and RH 95%. The microorganisms on the carriers were previously kept for 24 h at temp. 21 degrees C, RH 35% and 95% and then exposed to solutions of chloramine, formalin, lysol and Sterinol (QAC). It was observed that there was a great dependence of the disinfecting effect on the degree of dessication of the surfaces. In all cases the resistance of contaminated carriers stored 24 h was higher at 95% RH than at 35% RH.

[Survival of microorganisms on surfaces in relation to moisture and temperature and the effect of desiccation of microorganisms on resistance to disinfectants]. / Uberlebensfähigkeit von Mikroorganismen auf Flächen in Abhängigkeit von Feuchtigkeit und Temperatur und Einfluss der Austrocknung der Mikroorganismen auf die Desinfektionsmittelresistenz.

In laboratory tests with carriers (glass, slab, blanket) at a high rel. humidity (95%) the survival was distinctly reduced by S. aureus at 37 degrees C and by Ps. aeruginosa at 21 degrees C and 37 degrees C. Against this after 24 h storing of contaminated carriers (glass) the resistance to disinfectants was higher at 95% rel. humidity as at 35% rel. humidity.