The effect of hypnosis on perceived stress in women with preeclampsia.

BACKGROUND: Perceived stress is one of the causes of preeclampsia; one of the ways to manage mental stress is hypnosis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hypnosis on perceived stress in women with preeclampsia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomized clinical trial was performed on 80 (40 people in each group) pregnant women 28-32 weeks with preeclampsia and hospitalized in two public hospitals in Mashhad in 2020. The Cohen Perceived Stress Questionnaire was first completed in two groups. Then, in the intervention group, three half-hour sessions of hypnosis were performed with an interval of 3 days (hypnosis consists of three sessions: each session is held for three consecutive nights). After each session, the intervention package, which included recording the dialogs of each session for posthypnotic suggestion, was delivered to the mothers on a CD to listen to every night before bed. The control group received routine care. Then, 2 weeks after the intervention, the Perceived Stress Questionnaire was completed by both groups. The results were analyzed by independent t-test, paired t-test, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, Friedman and covariance tests, and by SPSS 16. RESULTS: At the beginning of the study, there was no statistically significant difference between demographic characteristics and the perceived stress score before the intervention between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, after the intervention, the mean perceived stress score was a statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups (P = 0.005). Perceived stress after the intervention was significantly reduced in the intervention group, which was significant between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Perceived stress in mothers with preeclampsia is reduced by hypnosis.

Determining the frequency of Candida species in women with candidal vaginal infection frequency of Candida species in women with candida vaginal infection.

BACKGROUND: Candidiasis vaginitis is an opportunistic and common mucosal infection. Although Candida albicans is the most common isolated species, other species of Candida such as Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida tropicalis have also increased significantly in recent years. The aim of this study was to identify Candida species in women with candidal vaginal infection in order to promote health in women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on nonpregnant women of childbearing age who referred to health centers in Neyshabur in 2018. At the beginning of the study, 163 people entered the study and the culture results were positive in 68 of them. In vitro, culture was performed in subduxtrose agar medium containing chloramphenicol and gentamicin. Species identification was performed using Candida specific culture medium (Saburo dextrose agar and chloramphenicol). After culture, 15% of the residual wet slide with potash (KOH) was prepared and observed with a lens. Finally, the data were analyzed with SPSS software version 24. RESULTS: The participants in the study were women with a mean age of 35.55 ± 5.47 and the average number of deliveries was 1.38 ± 1.15. In this study, the prevalence of C. albicans was 59.7%, C. tropicalis was 14.8%, C. krusei was 15%, and C. glabrata was 7.61% and also krusei and tropicalis were 3% simultaneously. Therefore, C. albicans was the most common species isolated from clinical specimens. CONCLUSION: In this study, the most common species after albicans were C. tropicalis and cruciferous. Considering the role of C. glabrata in the development of resistance to antifungal drugs, the lower prevalence of this species in the present study can be associated with improved treatment outcomes in patients.

Effect of spiritual care education on the spiritual health of preeclamptic women with postpartum stress disorder.

BACKGROUND: Spiritual health in the field of health has a great importance in mental disorders and posttraumatic stress disorders, in treatment process. The present study was done aiming "determine the effect of spiritual care education on the spiritual health of preeclamptic women with postpartum stress disorder." MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomized clinical trial was done in 2017 on 260 women with preeclampsia in Mashhad. Data collection was done with questionnaires Perinatal Posttraumatic Stress Questionnaire (PPQ), the posttraumatic disorder checklist, Duke University Religion Index, and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS). In the intervention group, first, women were educated on spiritual care each day based on Richards and Bergin's pattern, in three sessions, which lasted 45-60 min. The control group also received routine cares. All units completed the questionnaire SWBS at the 8th postpartum period. P < 0.05 was meaningful. RESULTS: After the intervention, this score of spiritual health in the intervention and control groups had a significant difference with independent test (P = 0.004). Spiritual health significantly increased in the interventional group. CONCLUSIONS: Providing spiritual care to pregnant mothers with preeclampsia, increase their spiritual health.

Comparing the effect of standardized patient-based education and feedback lecture on midwives' knowledge and practice in counseling screening for fetal malformations.

INTRODUCTION: Midwifery screening is one of the duties of midwives according to national guidelines. It is possible to increase midwives' knowledge and practice through effective education. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of standardized patient-based education and feedback lecture on midwives' knowledge and practice in screening counseling for fetal malformations. METHODS: This quasi-experimental, two-group study (standardized patient-based training and feedback lecture) was performed on 67 midwives (licensed by the office) in Mashhad in 2018. Midwives' knowledge and practice before and 2 weeks after training (a 4-h training program) were assessed by the Objective Structured Clinical Examination and a questionnaire. The data were analyzed by the SPSS software version 16 using Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, Wilcoxon and independent t-test while P < 0.05 considered as a significant level. RESULTS: Before intervention, the total score of knowledge and practice showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). After intervention, knowledge score in feedback lecture group was statistically significantly higher than that of standard patient group (P < 0.001). In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in performance scores between the two groups after intervention (P = 0.761). CONCLUSION: Both educational methods can increase midwives' knowledge and practice in fetal screening counseling. However, in raising midwives' awareness, feedback lecture group was more effective than standard patient group.

Effect of spiritual care education on postpartum stress disorder in women with preeclampsia.

INTRODUCTION: Posttraumatic stress disorder is an anxiety disorder that occurs after exposure to an event that causes injury or threat. The prevalence of preeclampsia was reported to be 28%. Considering the significant role of spiritual care in physical and psychological outcomes of patients, this study was conducted to determine "the effect of spiritual care education on postpartum stress disorder in women with preeclampsia". MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this randomized clinical trial, 72 pregnant women (36 in each group) were selected in a convenient way between the ages of 34 and 38 weeks who had preeclampsia and admitted to two public hospitals in Mashhad. The questionnaires such as Duke University Religion Index, DASS 21, the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL), and Prenatal Posttraumatic Stress Questionnaire (PPQ) were used at the beginning in two groups. In the intervention group, first, women were educated each day based on Richards and Bergin's pattern, in three sessions, which lasted 45-60 min. The control group also received routine cares. All units completed questionnaires such as Prenatal Posttraumatic Stress Questionnaire (PPQ) at the 4th-6th postpartum period. Results were analyzed by independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square test, and SPSS version 16. RESULTS: The mean change score of postpartum stress disorder in the intervention and control groups was different after intervention (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Providing spiritual care to pregnant mothers with preeclampsia reduces their risk of postpartum stress disorder. Therefore, this kind of care as an effective intervention is included in the routine care of this group with high-risk pregnancies.

The effect of educational package on sexual function in cold temperament women of reproductive age.

INTRODUCTION: Sexual health is one of the key factors to sustain marital life and having a good sexual function. On the other hand, temperament affects sexual function. Training is also one of the basic foundations for promoting sexual health. Therefore, the researcher has designed and implemented a study (2017) aimed "determining the study of educational package on sexual function in cold temperament women of reproductive age." METHODS: This randomized clinical trial study was performed on 80 women in two groups (40 in each group). This study was done, in available method, on no pregnant women aged 20-40 years old that referred to health centers in Mashhad. DASS 21 sexual function and determining temperament questionnaires were completed in two groups before intervention. At first, the sexual function training package was held by the researcher at 6 sessions (twice a week for 3 weeks) that was based on nutrition, sport, and lifestyle axes. The control group also received routine care. A week after intervention finished, all the units completed a sexual function questionnaire. The results were analyzed by these techniques as SPSS software (version 16) and statistical tests such as Independent t-test, T-pair, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: At the beginning of the study, there was no statistically significant difference between the personal characteristics and the mean score of sexual function and all its dimensions in the two groups. The mean sexual performance score and all its dimensions after intervention were significantly different in intervention and control groups P < 0.001. Sexual function and all its dimensions were improved after intervention in the intervention group. CONCLUSION: Giving sexual function package has improved the sexual function of cold temperament women. So, for routine caring of cold temperament women, it is better that health center employees consider this training package as an effective, easy, available, nonpharmacological, and economic intervention.

Sexual function and quality of life in diabetic women referring to health care centers in Mashhad.

CONTEXT: Quality of life (QOL) is one of the important indexes of health and well-being promotion in the diabetic patients. Based on numerous studies, these patients have a lower QOL, compared to nondiabetic individuals. In addition, a higher prevalence of sexual function disorder has been reported in their population that can have a negative effect on their QOL. AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the association between sexual function and QOL in diabetic women referring to health care centers in Mashhad during 2013-2014. SETTINGS AND DESIGNS: In this correlational study, the association between sexual function and QOL in 90 diabetic women with type two diabetes referring to health care centers in Mashhad during 2013-2014 was investigated. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Data were collected by Rosen female sexual function index and short form-36 questionnaires. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Data were analyzed by mean comparison and Spearman correlation coefficient statistical test through SPSS 16. RESULTS: Subjects' mean sexual function score was 21.7 ± 6.30. Based on the finding, 25.6% of the subjects suffered from sexual function disorder. Subjects' mean score of QOL was 58.75 ± 1616.24. There was a significant association between an overall score of sexual function and its subscales, with their QOL and two dimensions of overall physical and psychological and mental health scores (P < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Sexual function is one of the important and associated aspects of QOL in diabetic patients. Designing and evaluation of the interventions with the goal of an improvement in this variable plays a notable role in the promotion of these patients' QOL. However, with regard to limited research in this field, further studies on this association are suggested.

The relationship between functional ovarian cysts and vitamin A, vitamin E, and folate intake.

This study aimed to clarify the relationship between functional ovarian cysts and vitamin A, vitamin E, and folate intake. This case-control study evaluated 265 women of reproductive age who presented at gynaecology clinics of three hospitals in Mashhad, Iran. While women in the ovarian cyst group [n = 132] had functional ovarian cysts, control group [n = 133] consisted of women without functional ovarian cysts. The participants' vitamin A, vitamin E, and folate intake was assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Results showed that folate intake was significantly higher in the ovarian cyst group [p = .040]. No significant differences in vitamin A and vitamin E intake were observed between the two groups [p = .950 and .230, respectively]. It is concluded that women with functional ovarian cysts had significantly higher folate intake. Vitamin A and vitamin E intake had no significant effects on the incidence of these cysts.

Assessment of Family Functioning and Its Relationship to Quality of Life in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Women.

Introduction: One of the most important components and health indicators, especially among people with chronic diseases is quality of life. One of the possible factors which may impact on quality of life of diabetic patients is family functioning. This study aimed to determine the relationship between family functioning and quality of life of diabetic and non-diabetic women. Methods: In this correlational cross-sectional study, 180 women (diabetics and non-diabetics) who referred to health centers in Mashhad in 2014-2015 were studied. Data were collected using SF-36 questionnaire and Mc Master Family Assessment Device (FAD). Data were analyzed using descriptive and statistical tests by SPSS ver.13 software. Results: The result showed that diabetic women reported family impairment compared with none diabetic women. There was a significant relationship between the family functioning and quality of life in diabetics and non-diabetic women. Based on the results of the stepwise regression model, among factors of family function only the factor of behavioral control was able to predict the quality of life in diabetic women. Conclusion: Regarding the study findings, good family function associated with better quality of life in diabetics and healthy women. Therefore, due to disturbed family function in diabetic's women implementation of training programs and consulting services could improve their quality of life.

The Association of the Dietary Fat and Functional Ovarian Cysts in Women of Reproductive Age Referring to Three Hospitals in Mashhad, Iran, 2014.

BACKGROUND: Functional ovarian cysts (FOC) are one of the most common gynecological problems among women of reproductive age. Some studies have shown that diet may affect the function of the ovaries, so this study was performed to determine the association between the amount of dietary fat and functional ovarian cysts. METHODS: This case-control study was performed on 264 female patients (132 with cyst in the case group and 132 in the control group) aged 13 to 49. The case group had ovarian cyst with a size of less than 8 cm and the control group didn't have any ovarian cyst. Data were collected by questionnaires including a demographic questionnaire, and medical and midwifery characteristics questionnaire; the amount of fat in the diet was measured using food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Data were analyzed using SPSS software. P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The mean of fat consumption in the case group was 119.84±103.09g and in the control group it was 109.90±54.66g. The result of data analysis showed that there was no statistically significant relationship between the amount of fat in the diet and FOC in confidence level of 95% (P=0.056). CONCLUSION: According to the findings of this study, the amount of fat consumption was higher in women with ovarian cysts; however, this difference was not statistically significant. In this regard, it is recommended that women of reproductive age should reduce their fat intake.