[Experimental non-culturable Vibrio cholerae eltor and its biological properties]. / Eksperimental'noe poluchenie nekul'tiviruemykh form Vibrio cholerae eltor i kharakteristika ikh biologicheskikh svoistv.

In experiments with the cultivation of V. cholerae eltor under the conditions of high salt concentration, as well as low temperature and deficiency in nutrient substances, uncultivable forms (UF) of toxigenic and nontoxigenic vibrios were obtained. The absence of growth of seeded vibrios after the filtration of samples (with a filter of 0.22 micron), the preservation of specific antigenic determinants and the initial set of genes, changes in the morphology of cells (small size, coccoid form with the flagella retained) confirm the transition of V. cholerae eltor under study into the uncultivable state which, under unfavorable conditions, more rapidly develops in toxigenic vibrios than in nontoxigenic ones. The analysis of the INT-reductase activity of UF disintegrates revealed that they had endogenic respiration whose activity increased (4.5- to 6.5-fold) in the presence of the exogenic intermediates of the Krebs cycle. The uncultivable forms of the vibrios retain genes responsible for pathogenicity, as well as their antigenic determinants.

[Adaptive mechanisms in the ecology of the pseudotuberculosis microbe]. / Adaptivnye mekhanizmy v ékologii psevdotuberkuleznogo mikroba.

The paper presents the radiorespirometric and enzymatic findings of the insensitivity of catabolism of glucose and acetate in Y. pseudotuberculosis cells. The reduction in a Y. pseudotuberculosis cultivation temperature (4 degrees C) has been found to be followed by higher activities of NADP(+)-dependent dehydrogenases and increased functioning of the glyoxylate cycle. The temperature-compensated increase in the functioning intensity of alternative metabolic pathways appears to be part of adaptative metabolic manifestations in the Y. pseudotuberculosis cells during autonomic habitance and accumulation in the environmental objects.

[Experimental anthrax infection in laboratory animals with differing species susceptibility to the causative agent]. / Eksperimental'naia sibireiazvennaia infektsiia u laboratornykh zhivotnykh s raznoi vidovoi vospriimchivost'iu k vozbuditeliu.

In guinea pigs and noninbred white mice, infected subcutaneously with anthrax which resulted in their death, characteristic generalized infection with the hematogenic contamination of their organs and the signs of intoxication and shock could be observed. In inbred white rats (Fisher 344) the invasion and dissemination of B. anthracis are relatively slightly pronounced, the phenomena of intoxication and shock being clearly prevalent.

[Specific intoxication in anthrax infection]. / K voprosu o spetsificheskoi intoksikatsii pri sibireiazvennoi infektsii.

The pathomorphological picture of experimental B. anthracis infection in white rats (strain Fisher-344) essentially corresponds to experimental anthracic intoxication with very moderately pronounced morphological manifestation of B. anthracis invasion. This indicates that specific anthracic intoxication is an essential component of the pathological process in B. anthracis infection.

[Anthrax toxin dynamics in the body]. / O dinamike sibireiazvennogo toksina v organizme.

Anthrax toxin introduced subcutaneously into white rats Fisher-344 caused specific intoxication accompanied by characteristic pathomorphological changes and, when studied by the immunoperoxidase method in histological sections, could be detected in the blood stream (in plasma) and in the cytoplasm of macrophages (in the lungs and the spleen). The content of the preparation introduced into the animals in the blood stream is directly related to its toxicity, being probably indicative of the relative functional failure of the macrophagal system.

[Effect of anthrax toxin on the chemiluminescence of human leukocytes]. / Vliianie sibiriazvennogo toksina na khemiliuminestsentsiiu leikotsitov cheloveka.

The effect of substrate containing crude anthrax toxin on the phagocytosing leukocyte chemiluminescence has been studied. Preliminary toxin incubation with leukocytes for 60 min blocks cell chemiluminescence in the linear ratio effect concentration in the protein component of the toxin; the minimum concentration of the toxin protein component inhibiting the phagocytosing leukocyte luminescence is 3-5 micrograms per 5 x 10(5) cells. The substrate pure mixture of the oedema factor and protective antigen inhibits the chemiluminescence more intensively than crude toxin does. Inhibiting chemiluminescence activity of the anthrax toxin is directly proportional to its adenylate cyclase activity.

[Experimental characteristics of anthrax intoxication]. / Eksperimental'naia kharakteristika sibireiazvennoi intoksikatsii.

In experimental anthrax intoxication, a highly important stage of its pathogenesis consists in microcirculatory disturbances with the phenomena of blood sludge, accompanied by the increased permeability of blood vessels not only for plasma, but also for red blood cells. These disturbances result in perivascular hemorrhages, hemorrhagic infiltrations, edema and cavitary transudates. Pulmonary edema and, as a consequence, the accumulation of fluid in pulmonary alveoli and the respiratory tract are of particular importance and, probably, can be considered the basic cause of the ensuing acute and fatal asphyxia. Such vascular and pulmonary insufficiency is accompanied by a decrease in the content of macroergic compounds (and in particular ATP), the characteristic deformation of red blood cells and disturbances in their oxygen transport function, which is linked with the decreased content of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate.

[The use of gel chromatography for the isolation of biologically active toxin complex from Bacillus anthrax]. / Primenenie gel'-khromatografii dlia vydeleniia biologicheski aktivnogo toksinnogo kompleksa sibireiazvennogo mikroba.

The multistep fractioning of the protein components from cultural filtrate of B. anthracis grown on casaminoacids containing medium was done. The scheme for preliminary purification of a toxin complex of B. anthracis against low and high molecular mass contaminants has been elaborated and includes ultrafiltration, gel chromatography in ultragel AcA-202 and TSK-gel toyopal HW-55. Biological activities of the complex,toxicity for laboratory animals and adenylate cyclase activity characteristic of B. anthracis toxin, are shown to remain intact in course of preliminary purification. Molecular masses of protein subunits from the fraction containing anthracis toxin activity reach 85-90 kD, 0.3-0.5 mg of toxin complex protein is yielded from 1 l of B. anthracis cultural filtrate.

[Hemolytic properties of El Tor cholera vibrios]. / Gemoliticheskie svoistva kholernykh vibrionov El'-Tor.

The hemolytic factor of Vibrio cholerae, biotype eltor, is bound to the cellular structures and can be liberated into the environment. The inhibiting action of proteases on the hemolytic activity of vibrios suggests that the proteinaceous hemolysin component of these organisms plays an important role in the process of red blood cell lysis. The inhibition of the hemolytic activity of vibrios by Ca2+ ions seems to be connected with the activation of intracellular phospholipases.