[A case of myeloma kidney complicated by extramedullary plasmacytoma with massive bleeding].

A 76-year-old woman, who had received hemodialysis due to chronic renal failure of unknown cause for two months, was admitted to our hospital. She was suffering from severe pain in the left thigh, rapidly progressive anemia and thrombocytopenia after receiving a contusion on her left thigh. Soon after admission, the patient died of shock. Autopsy revealed multiple myeloma(lamda type) with extramedullary plasmacytoma and systemic amyloidosis. In the kidney, there were typical tubular casts with multinucleated giant cells and interstitial fibrosis. More specific findings included an extramedullary plasmacytoma in the left iliopsoas muscle surrounded by a huge hematoma. Internal hemorrhage resulting from indirect contusion at this site was likely to have caused her shock. Since typical clinical findings of multiple myeloma, such as serum M protein and hypercalcemia, were not found in this case, it was difficult to make a diagnosis of multiple myeloma. In case of multiple myeloma, micro- or macroscopic extramedullary tumor formation is not rare, but there has been no report of a case with macroscopic tumor formed in skeletal muscle, exhibiting massive hemorrhage. We report here a case of multiple myeloma with an unusual clinical course.

Improved outcome prediction for patients with multiple organ failure undergoing continuous hemodiafiltration.

A number of patients with multiple organ failure (MOF) regardless of accompanying acute renal failure have been treated with continuous hemodiafiltration (CHDF). However, despite its high cost, the costs/benefits of CHDF for MOF patients still need to be evaluated. Although many scoring systems were established to predict the outcome of MOF, their predictive powers were not estimated in MOF patients undergoing CHDF. Therefore, using 52 Japanese patients with MOF treated with CHDF for more than 1 week, we estimated the predictive powers of multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) scores and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) III scores, retrospectively. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to outcome at Day 28 after the initiation of CHDF. In both scoring systems, the median values at Day 0 were not significantly different between the survival (n = 19) and the nonsurvival (n = 33) groups. In contrast, at Day 3, the median values of MOD scores was 4 (0-14) in the survival group and 9 (1-12) in the nonsurvival group (p = 0.0035). The median value of APACHE III scores were 37 (19-97) and 87 (16-150) at Day 3, respectively (p < 0.0001). In the survival group, APACHE III scores significantly decreased from the median value of 64 (32-89) to 37 (p = 0.0269), and in the nonsurvival group, it increased significantly from the median value of 70 (29-103) to 87 (p = 0.0116). In contrast, no significant changes were observed in the MOD scores. In conclusion, the MOD score and the APACHE III score systems had less power to predict the outcome of MOF patients undergoing CHDF at Day 0. However, rescoring at Day 3 of each index was much more powerful to accurately predict the outcome of such patients.