RESUMO
Cancerassociated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of the major components of the cancer stroma in the tumor microenvironment. The interaction between cancer cells and CAFs (cancerstromal interaction; CSI) promotes tumor progression, including metastasis. Recently, the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase1 (TIMP1) was reported to promote cancer cell migration and metastasis, which is contrary to its anticancer role as an inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase. Moreover, CAFderived TIMP1 is reported to regulate CAF activity. In the present study, we investigated the effect of TIMP1 on colon cancer cell migration in vitro. The TIMP1 secretion levels from the CAFs and cancer cell lines were comparatively measured to determine the main source of TIMP1. Furthermore, the effect of CSI on TIMP1 secretion was investigated using the Transwell coculture system. Cancer cell migration was evaluated using the woundhealing assay. The results demonstrated that TIMP1 promoted the migration of LoVo cells, a colon cancer cell line, whereas TIMP1 neutralization inhibited the enhanced migration. The TIMP1 levels secreted from the cancer cells were approximately 10 times less than those secreted from the CAFs. TIMP1 secretion was higher in CAFs cocultured with cancer cells than in monocultured CAFs. Furthermore, the migration of LoVo cells increased upon coculturing with the CAFs. TIMP1 neutralization partially inhibited this enhanced migration. These results suggest that CAFs are the primary source of TIMP1 and that the TIMP1 production is enhanced through CSI in the tumor microenvironment, which promotes cancer cell migration.
Assuntos
Fibroblastos Associados a Câncer , Neoplasias do Colo , Fibroblastos Associados a Câncer/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular , Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , Humanos , Inibidor Tecidual de Metaloproteinase-1/metabolismo , Microambiente TumoralRESUMO
PURPOSE: To determine whether or not migrating cancer cells are present on the surgical plane after lateral lymph node dissection (LLND) for lower rectal cancer and related to lateral recurrence (LR), we evaluated the lavage of LLND areas by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to check the expression of CEA mRNA in the residual cancer cells. METHODS: Thirty patients who underwent curative LLND were enrolled. Lavage was collected after LLND and subjected to RT-PCR to detect CEA mRNA. The median follow-up to check for recurrence was 31.4 months. RESULTS: CEA mRNA was detected in 9 of the 46 dissected areas. Based on the receiver operating characteristic curves, the cut-off value of PCR was set at 0.025. This cut-off point classified five patients into the high-expression group for CEA mRNA. During follow-up, LR developed in 1 of 40 low-expression areas of CEA mRNA and 3 of 6 high-expression areas. The LR rate was higher in the high-expression group than in the low-expression group (p = 0.015). A multivariate analysis showed that the high expression of CEA mRNA was likely an independent prognostic factor of LR. CONCLUSION: The expression of CEA mRNA in the lavage of LLND areas indicates the presence of residual cancer cells that cause LR.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Antígeno Carcinoembrionário/genética , Antígeno Carcinoembrionário/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica , Linfonodos/metabolismo , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico , Neoplasia Residual/diagnóstico , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Neoplasias Retais/diagnóstico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Excisão de Linfonodo , Linfonodos/cirurgia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/etiologia , Prognóstico , Neoplasias Retais/cirurgia , Irrigação TerapêuticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: T4 is one of the high-risk factors, but the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy for T4-Stage â ¡ colon cancer are unclear. METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed 211 patients with primary pStage â ¡ colon cancer who underwent radical resection between 2004 and 2015. RESULTS: The 5-year overall survival rate(OS)of Stage â ¡A/â ¡B/â ¡C were 90.2/83.4/ 59.2%, and the 5-year recurrence-free survival rate(RFS)were 87.3/73.3/42.8%. Multivariate analysis of OS as a high-risk factor of T4 revealed male, ly2/3, no adjuvant chemotherapy, and in RFS, male, ly2/3. However, compared the cases with or without adjuvant chemotherapy, 5-year OS was no difference. There were no cases used oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: An adjuvant chemotherapy without oxaliplatin were not enough to improve the prognoses of T4-Stage â ¡colon cancer, so the oxaliplatin based regimen might be recommended.
Assuntos
Neoplasias do Colo , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Neoplasias do Colo/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Compostos Organoplatínicos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) improves interleukin (IL)6 hypercytokinemia in patients with advanced cancer due to its antiinflammatory effects. This EPA mechanism has been revealed to lead to several anticancer effects. While the effects of EPA on cancer cells have been investigated, particularly in terms of angiogenesis, its effects on the tumor stroma remain unclear. In the present study, the authors clarified the role of EPA in cancer angiogenesis against colon cancerassociated fibroblasts (CAFs) from the colon stroma. With established human CAFs and normal fibroblasts from colon stroma (NFs), the authors evaluated IL6 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion with or without EPA treatment using ELISA. The signal inhibition of mitogenactivated protein kinase (ERK) in CAFs by EPA was evaluated using western blotting. In vitro antiangiogenesis effects were evaluated by the angiogenesis assay on Matrigel using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured with the supernatant obtained from CAF cultures with or without EPA. IL6 secretion was greater from CAFs compared with that from NFs and stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) resulted in greater IL6 secretion from the two fibroblast types compared with that from fibroblasts without LPS stimulation. While LPS stimulation increased VEGF secretion from the two fibroblast types, EPA decreased IL6 and VEGF secretion from CAFs. Western blotting revealed that the addition of 30 µM EPA inhibited the ERK phosphorylation signal in CAFs. Furthermore, the angiogenesis assay with Matrigel revealed that the CAF culture supernatants treated with EPA suppressed tubular formation in HUVECs. These reductions may have been caused by the inhibition of ERK phosphorylation by EPA. Thus, EPA reduces cancer angiogenesis associated with CAFs. Additional studies will be needed to clarify the continuous antiangiogenetic effect of chemotherapy using angiogenesis inhibitors (e.g. bevacizumab and aflibercept) in conjunction with or without EPA, and the clinical usage of EPA in conjunction with chemotherapy in vivo.
Assuntos
Fibroblastos Associados a Câncer/metabolismo , Neoplasias do Colo/metabolismo , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/farmacologia , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias do Colo/tratamento farmacológico , MAP Quinases Reguladas por Sinal Extracelular/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Endoteliais da Veia Umbilical Humana , Humanos , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Masculino , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Stoma creation through the extraperitoneal route reportedly reduces the risk of parastomal hernia and stomal prolapse after abdominoperineal resection (APR) for rectal cancer. We describe a new technique for laparoscopic extraperitoneal sigmoid colostomy following APR. After the rectus abdominis muscle is separated, Lap ProtectorTM and EZ AccessTM devices are placed. An extraperitoneal stoma tunnel is created laparoscopically as much as possible. Next, the peritoneum is separated from the inside of the abdominal cavity, and the extraperitoneal tunnel is opened. At the time of writing, we had performed laparoscopic extraperitoneal sigmoid colostomy in eight patients, without any complications or conversion to the conventional procedure. Thus, laparoscopic extraperitoneal sigmoid colostomy is a useful and safe technique for the laparoscopic creation of an extraperitoneal stoma tunnel after APR.
Assuntos
Colo Sigmoide/cirurgia , Colostomia/métodos , Hérnia/prevenção & controle , Herniorrafia/métodos , Laparoscopia/métodos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Protectomia/métodos , Neoplasias Retais/cirurgia , Estomas Cirúrgicos , Humanos , Peritônio/cirurgia , Reto/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: We evaluated the perioperative inflammatory mediators in a right hemicolectomy performed with single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) and traditional multi-port laparoscopic surgery (MLS) to compare the postoperative inflammatory response and feasibility of SILS with that of MLS. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we enrolled 56 consecutive colorectal cancer patients who underwent right hemicolectomy prospectively. Twenty patients underwent SILS, and 36 underwent MLS. The preoperative and postoperative levels of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) as well as the number of platelet cells were measured in all patients. The operation duration, number of harvested lymph nodes, length of the resected bowel, blood loss, and duration of hospital stay were also compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Neither SILS nor MLS had any conversion cases. The operation duration was longer for MLS than for SILS. Blood loss tended to be lower among patients who underwent SILS than among those who underwent MLS. However, the number of harvested LNs was significantly lower with SILS than with MLS. In both pre- and postoperative blood examinations, there was no marked difference in inflammatory mediators between MLS and SILS. CONCLUSION: There was no systemic inflammatory advantage associated with SILS compared with MLS.