RESUMO
Interleukin (IL)-11 is a member of the IL-6 family of cytokines and is involved in multiple cellular responses, including tumor development. However, the origin and functions of IL-11-producing (IL-11+) cells are not fully understood. To characterize IL-11+ cells in vivo, we generate Il11 reporter mice. IL-11+ cells appear in the colon in murine tumor and acute colitis models. Il11ra1 or Il11 deletion attenuates the development of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. IL-11+ cells express fibroblast markers and genes associated with cell proliferation and tissue repair. IL-11 induces the activation of colonic fibroblasts and epithelial cells through phosphorylation of STAT3. Human cancer database analysis reveals that the expression of genes enriched in IL-11+ fibroblasts is elevated in human colorectal cancer and correlated with reduced recurrence-free survival. IL-11+ fibroblasts activate both tumor cells and fibroblasts via secretion of IL-11, thereby constituting a feed-forward loop between tumor cells and fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment.
Assuntos
Adenoma/imunologia , Colite/patologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/imunologia , Fibroblastos/imunologia , Interleucina-11/metabolismo , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/epidemiologia , Adenoma/genética , Adenoma/mortalidade , Adenoma/cirurgia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Colite/induzido quimicamente , Colite/imunologia , Colo/citologia , Colo/imunologia , Colo/patologia , Colo/cirurgia , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Colorretais/cirurgia , Sulfato de Dextrana/administração & dosagem , Sulfato de Dextrana/toxicidade , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/imunologia , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Genes Reporter , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/genética , Humanos , Interleucina-11/genética , Subunidade alfa de Receptor de Interleucina-11/genética , Subunidade alfa de Receptor de Interleucina-11/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/citologia , Mucosa Intestinal/imunologia , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Camundongos Transgênicos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/imunologia , Organoides , Cultura Primária de Células , Estudos Retrospectivos , Transcriptoma/imunologia , Microambiente Tumoral/imunologiaRESUMO
Regenerating islet-derived protein (Reg)3ß belongs to a member of the Reg family of proteins and has pleiotropic functions, including antimicrobial activity and tissue repair. However, whether Reg3ß plays a protective role in the development of colitis and ileitis has not been fully investigated. We generated transgenic mice expressing a short form of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (cFLIPs) that promotes necroptosis, a regulated form of cell death. cFLIPs transgenic (CFLARs Tg) mice develop severe ileitis in utero. Although Reg3ß is undetectable in the small intestine of wild-type embryos, its expression is aberrantly elevated in the small intestine of CFLARs Tg embryos. To test whether elevated Reg3ß attenuates or exacerbates ileitis in CFLARs Tg mice, we generated a Reg3b -/- strain. Reg3b -/- mice grew to adulthood without apparent abnormalities. Deletion of Reg3b in CFLARs Tg mice exacerbated the embryonic lethality of CFLARs Tg mice. Dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis, characterized by body weight loss and infiltration of neutrophils, was exacerbated in Reg3b -/- compared to wild-type mice. Moreover, the expression of Interleukin 6, an inflammatory cytokine and Chitinase-like 3, a marker for tissue repair macrophages was elevated in the colon of Reg3b -/- mice compared to wild-type mice after DSS treatment. Together, these results suggest that attenuation of colitis and ileitis is a result of Reg3ß's real function.
