Employment factors associated with daily time management in working people with type 2 diabetes.

AIM: To determine the employment factors associated with daily time management in working people with type 2 diabetics. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was administered to 277 working people with type 2 diabetes. It included a daily time management scale, and questions about age, gender, hemoglobin A1c levels, shift work, managerial position, and average working hours. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between daily time management and each factor, adjusted for age, gender, and hemoglobin A1c. RESULTS: Responses were obtained from 220 individuals. Daily time management was associated with managerial position (being a manager) and working hours. Shift work was associated with "adjustment of life rhythms" and managerial position was associated with "adjustment of work" and "goal setting and behaviors consistent with personal values". Hours of work were associated with "adjustment of life rhythms" and "time control". CONCLUSION: When providing support on time management to working people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, any assessment should consider the availability of shift work, whether they are in a managerial position and working hours.

Development of the Daily Time Management Scale for Use by Working People with Type 2 Diabetes.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to assess daily time management capabilities among working patients with diabetes and to test this scale's reliability and validity. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among 277 diabetes outpatients, and data from 220 participants (mean age = 54.3 ± 10.2 years, 76.8% male) were analyzed. Questionnaire items were selected through exploratory factor analysis. During the process of developing the questionnaire, opinions were solicited from experts on education for patients with diabetes, and Cronbach's α was calculated as a coefficient of reliability. Correlations with the Instrument of Diabetes Self-Care Agency (IDSCA) were examined and confirmatory factor analysis was performed to check for validity. RESULTS: Adequacy of a 4-factor, 16-item scale was confirmed. Cronbach's α coefficient was ≥.7 for the entire scale and for the subscale items. There was a significant correlation between total IDSCA scores and various factors (r = .280-.469). However, there was no correlation between the "adjustment of life rhythms" and parts of the IDSCA subscale. CONCLUSION: Although some aspects warrant further investigation, the developed scale provides a reliable and valid means of assessing daily time management capabilities among working patients with diabetes, and can thus be applied to help diabetes patients to manage their daily lives.