RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the relation between the presence of depressive symptoms in schizophrenic patients with a recent first psychotic episode and affective disorders among their relatives. METHOD: Data on depressive symptoms in 70 patients with schizophrenia diagnosed according to the DSM-III-R criteria, who had had a recent first psychotic episode, and psychiatric diagnostic information on 293 of their first-degree and 674 of their second-degree relatives were collected. Depressive symptoms in the schizophrenic probands were examined at the index psychotic episode (at study entry) and systematically over a 1-year follow-through period. The majority of first-degree family members were interviewed in person with the use of semistructured diagnostic interviews. RESULTS: The linear regression findings confirmed the hypothesis that depressive symptoms in the early course of schizophrenia are associated with a family history of unipolar affective illness. CONCLUSIONS: Because depression in the patients was associated with a family history of depression, this suggests that depression in schizophrenia is not solely either a reaction to having had a psychotic episode or part of the recovery process. The findings are consistent with a model in which a familial genetic liability to affective disorder, when present, is viewed a s exerting a modifying influence on the patient's schizophrenic illness to increase expression of depressive symptoms.
Assuntos
Transtorno Depressivo/diagnóstico , Família , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Comorbidade , Depressão/diagnóstico , Transtorno Depressivo/epidemiologia , Transtorno Depressivo/genética , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/genética , Esquizofrenia/epidemiologia , Esquizofrenia/genética , Psicologia do EsquizofrênicoAssuntos
Filho de Pais com Deficiência/psicologia , Família/psicologia , Esquizofrenia/genética , Psicologia do Esquizofrênico , Meio Social , Transtorno Bipolar/genética , Transtorno Bipolar/psicologia , Transtorno Bipolar/reabilitação , Doença Crônica , Comunicação , Transtorno Depressivo/genética , Transtorno Depressivo/psicologia , Transtorno Depressivo/reabilitação , Emoções , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Inventário de Personalidade , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Fatores de Risco , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Esquizofrenia/reabilitaçãoRESUMO
Three interviewers (second raters) blindly rated 15 audiotapes each of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R, Axis II (SCID-II) administered to the first degree relatives of probands with either DSM-III-R schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder, for a total of 45 second ratings. Interrater reliability was determined using the intraclass correlation coefficient and ranged from 0.60 to 0.84. The previous studies of the reliability of structured interviews for diagnosing personality disorders are summarized and compared to the present findings. We conclude that the SCID-II can be reliably used to diagnose schizophrenia-spectrum and affective spectrum disorders in the first degree family members of probands with schizophrenic or bipolar affective disorders.