Decreased HDL-C Levels as a Predictor of Organ Failure in Acute Pancreatitis in the Emergency Department.

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is reported as a biomarker of systemic inflammation and multi-organ failure (MOF), which has been rarely investigated in acute pancreatitis (AP), a frequent condition in the emergency department (ED). The objective was to study the predictive capacity of the decrease in HDL-C to the progression of MOF in AP in the ED; analyzing 114 patients with AP for one year in a longitudinal and prospective study, AP severity was obtained by the Atlanta classification, in relation to modified Marshall and Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis (BISAP) scores, and clinical and laboratory parameters in a 48 h hospital stay. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to estimate the validity of the predictor and define optimal cut-off points. It was found that AP was classified as severe in 24.5%, mainly for biliary etiology (78.9%) and female sex (73.6%). As a biomarker, HDL-C decreased from 31.6 to 29.5 mg/dL in a 48 h stay (p < 0.001), correlating negatively with the increase in severity index > 2 and the modified Marshall (p < 0.032) and BISAP (p < 0.009) scores, finding an area under the ROC curve with a predictive capacity of 0.756 (95% CI, 0.614-0.898; p < 0.004) and a cut-off point of 28.5 mg/dL (sensitivity: 79%, specificity: 78%), demonstrating that the decrease in HDL-C levels serves as a useful indicator with a predictive capacity for MOF in mild to severe AP, during a 48 h hospital stay in the ED.

Characterization of adult patients with systemic sclerosis in a reference center from northwestern Colombia: A descriptive survey / Caracterización de pacientes adultos con esclerosis sistémica en un centro de referencia del noroccidente de Colombia: un estudio descriptivo

ABSTRACT Background: Systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune and multisystemic disease characterized by vascular involvement and fibrosis that mainly affects the skin and internal organs; its morbidity and mortality are the highest of rheumatic diseases. Objective: To determine the sociodemographic, clinical, and paraclinical characteristics of adult patients with systemic sclerosis in a reference center in rheumatology in northwestern Colombia, between 2006 and 2016. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted. Information on sociodemographic, clinical, and paraclinical variables was collected from the review of medical records. The data were processed with the IBM SPSS 22 statistical package. The qualitative variables were expressed in absolute and relative frequencies and the quantitative variables in mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range, according to their distribution. Results: 44 patients were included, predominantly women (90.9%), with an average age of 59 years; the most common variety was the limited (61.3%). One hundred percent of the subjects presented Raynaud's phenomenon and the most common compromised systems were: cutaneous (100%), musculoskeletal (59.1%), and gastrointestinal (50%). 95.5% of the patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria ACR / EULAR 2013. Regarding the immunological profile, 72.7% of the individuals had positive antinuclear antibodies, of which 53.1% had a centromeric pattern. Conclusions: Sociodemographic, clinical and similar characteristics were found in this cohort, according to what was published in the literature. The most frequent extracutaneous systems involved were: musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, and pulmonary, which cause a large part of the associated morbidity, as well as a decrease in quality of life.

RESUMEN Introducción: La esclerosis sistémica es una enfermedad autoinmune y multisistémica, caracterizada por vasculopatía y fibrosis que afecta principalmente la piel y órganos internos; su morbilidad y mortalidad son las más altas de las enfermedades reumatológicas. Objetivo: Determinar las características sociodemográficas, clínicas y paraclínicas de pacientes adultos con esclerosis sistémica en un centro de referencia en reumatología del noroccidente de Colombia, entre el 2006 y el 2016. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. La información sobre las variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y paraclínicas se recogió de la revisión de registros médicos. Los datos se procesaron con el paquete estadístico IBM SPSS 22. Las variables cualitativas se expresaron en frecuencias absolutas y relativas y las cuantitativas en media y desviación estándar o mediana y rango intercuartílico, según su distribución. Resultados: Se incluyeron 44 pacientes, predominantemente mujeres (90,9%), con una edad promedio de 59 arios; la variedad más común fue la limitada (61,3%). El 100% de los sujetos presentaron el fenómeno de Raynaud y los sistemas comprometidos con mayor frecuencia fueron: cutáneo (100%), musculoesquelético (59,1%) y gastrointestinal (50%). El 95,5% de los pacientes cumplieron con los criterios diagnósticos ACR/EULAR 2013. Con respecto al perfil inmunológico, el 72,7% de los individuos tenía anticuerpos antinucleares positivos, de los cuales, un 53,1% tenía un patrón centromérico. Conclusiones: Se encontraron características sociodemográficas y clínicas similares en esta cohorte, de acuerdo a lo publicado en la literatura. Los sistemas extracutáneos más frecuentemente involucrados fueron: musculoesquelético, gastrointestinal y pulmonar, que causan una gran parte de la morbilidad asociada, así como una disminución en la calidad de vida.

Risk of Illness with Salmonella due to Consumption of Raw Unwashed Vegetables Irrigated with Water from the Bogotá River.

The Bogotá River receives untreated wastewater from the city of Bogotá and many other towns. Downstream from Bogotá, water from the river is used for irrigation of crops. Concentrations of indicator organisms in the river are high, which is consistent with fecal contamination. To investigate the probability of illness due to exposure to enteric pathogens from the river, specifically Salmonella, we took water samples from the Bogotá River at six sampling locations in an area where untreated water from the river is used for irrigation of lettuce, broccoli, and cabbage. Salmonella concentrations were quantified by direct isolation and qPCR. Concentrations differed, depending on the quantification technique used, ranging between 107.7 and 109.9 number of copies of gene invA per L and 105.3 and 108.4 CFU/L, for qPCR and direct isolation, respectively. A quantitative microbial risk assessment model that estimates the daily risk of illness with Salmonella resulting from consuming raw unwashed vegetables irrigated with water from the Bogotá River was constructed using the Salmonella concentration data. The daily probability of illness from eating raw unwashed vegetables ranged between 0.62 and 0.85, 0.64 and 0.86, and 0.64 and 0.85 based on concentrations estimated by qPCR (0.47-0.85, 0.47-0.86, and 0.41-0.85 based on concentrations estimated by direct isolation) for lettuce, cabbage, and broccoli, respectively, which are all above the commonly propounded benchmark of 10-4 per year. Results obtained in this study highlight the necessity for appropriate wastewater treatment in the region, and emphasize the importance of postharvest practices, such as washing, disinfecting, and cooking.

[Models of care and classification of "Children with special health care needs-CSHCN": Recommendations from the CSHCN Committee, Chilean Paediatric Society]. / Modelo de atención y clasificación de «Niños y adolescentes con necesidades especiales de atención en salud-NANEAS¼: recomendaciones del Comité NANEAS de la Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría.

"Children with special health care needs" (CSHCN) is an emerging and heterogeneous group of paediatric patients, with a wide variety of medical conditions and with different uses of health care services. There is consensus on how to classify and assess these patients according to their needs, but not for their specific diagnosis. Needs are classified into 6 areas: a) specialised medical care; b) use or need of prescription medication; c) special nutrition; d) dependence on technology; e) rehabilitation therapy for functional limitation; and f) special education services. From the evaluation of each area, a classification for CSHCN is proposed according to low, medium, or high complexity health needs, to guide and distribute their care at an appropriate level of the health care system. Low complexity CSHCN should be incorporated into Primary Care services, to improve benefits for patients and families at this level. It is critical to train health care professionals in taking care of CSHCN, promoting a coordinated, dynamic and communicated work between different levels of the health care system. Compliance with these guidelines will achieve a high quality and integrated care for this vulnerable group of children.

Hijos de pacientes con trastorno afectivo bipolar tipo I de una población paisa: perfil psicopatológico y neuropsicológico / Offspring of Patients with Bipolar Disorder Type I from the ‘Paisa' Population: Psychopathological and Neuropsychological Profile

Objetivo: Caracterizar los principales hallazgos psicopatológicos y los perfiles neuropsicológicos de un grupo de hijos de pacientes adultos con TAB de ascendencia antioqueña. Métodos: 20 sujetos hijos de pacientes con TAB tipo I se evaluaron por medio de la entrevista diagnóstica K-SADS-LP para establecer sus diagnósticos según criterios del DSM-IV-TR. También se les aplicaron varias subpruebas de la Evaluación Neuropsicológica Infantil (ENI) y una versión abreviada de la Escala de Inteligencia para niños WISC III. Los padres bipolares y los copadres biológicos fueron evaluados con la Entrevista Diagnóstica para Estudios Genéticos (DIGS). Resultados: Los trastornos psiquiátricos más frecuentes fueron los de ansiedad de separación (35%), fobia simple (20%), trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (50%) y trastorno oposicionista y desafiante (20%). Como un hallazgo psicopatológico frecuente, este grupo presentó, además, síntomas subsindromáticos de ansiedad y trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad. Ninguno de los hijos evaluados presentó TAB y solo dos casos presentaron trastorno depresivo mayor; sin embargo, se encontraron síntomas subsindromáticos para manía en una cuarta parte de la muestra. Los hallazgos neuropsicológicos principales en los HPB fueron dificultades de memoria de evocación, memoria diferida y almacenamiento de información. Conclusiones: Este grupo de niños y adolescentes hijos de padres con TAB tipo I del aislado genético antioqueño, presenta diagnósticos según el DSM-IV-TR de trastorno de ansiedad y TDAH y, además, síntomas subsindrómicos de diversos trastornos psiquiátricos, incluido el TAB. Algunas medidas neuropsicológicas muestran un menor rendimiento en pruebas de memoria y atención.

Objective: To characterize the main psycho pathological findings and neuropsychological profiles in a group of offspring of parents with Bipolar Disorder of Antioquia-Colombian ancestry. Methods: 20 children of parents with bipolar disorder type I were assessed using the K-SADS-PL in order to establish their diagnosis according with DSM-IV-TR criteria. Neuropsychological assessment was done by using subtests of the "Evaluación Neuropsicológica Infantil (ENI)" and the abbreviated version of WISC III. Bipolar parents and biological co-parents were evaluated with the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS). Results: The most common psychiatric disorders found were separation anxiety disorder (35%), simple phobia (20%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (50%), and oppositional defiant disorder (20%). This group of offspring also presented subsyndromal anxiety and ADHD symptoms as a common psychopathological finding. None of the children assessed had bipolar disorder and only two cases presented major depressive disorder. However, subsyndromal symptoms for mania were found in a quarter of the sample. The main neuropsychological findings in the offspring were difficulties in memory evocation, memory recall, and long term memory. Conclusions: This group of children and adolescents of parents with BD type I from paisa population (Colombia) genetic isolate presents DSM-IV-TR diagnoses of anxiety and disruptive disorders and subsyndromal symptoms of several psychiatric disorders including BD. Some neuropsychological measures show low performance in memory and attention tests.

Diseño y fabricación de un nuevo distractor curvo de sínfisis mandibular para transporte óseo / Design and manufacture of a new curve symphyseal distractor for mandibular bone transport

Son activados principalmente por el operador diariamente; teniendo como ventaja estos últimos la ausencia de cicatrices cutáneas permanentes. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue diseñar y fabricar un prototipo de distractor curvo de sínfisis, intraoral para reconstrucción mandibular. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizaron pruebas técnicas: modelo elementos finitos del distractor y cuerpo mandibular, generando una malla formada por 80.000 elementos con restricciones en el condilo mandibular, dos tornillos a cada lado de la placa y cuatro a cada lado del distractor en todos los grados de libertad; se aplicaron fuerzas de 248N a la zona. Finalmente, se realizó la prueba de instalación en cadáver para verificar la técnica quirúrgica y su ergonomía. Resultados: Se observó una distribución uniforme de esfuerzos para todo el sistema mandíbula- distractor, garantizando su resistencia y estabilidad estructural. Conclusiones: El dispositivo es resistente a las fuerzas de masticación, es de facial instalación y activación; permite la reconstrucción de segmentos curvos de amplia longitud.

Introduction and Objective: Currently, there are extra-and intra devices, which are mainly triggered by the operator daily, taking advantage as the latter no permanent scars skin. The main objective of this study was to design and manufacture a prototype of intraoral curve symphyseal distractor for mandibular reconstruction. Materials and Methods: The following technical tests were carried out: finite element model of the distractor and mandibular body creating a net of 80,000 elements with restrictions in the mandibular condyle, two screws on each side of the plate and four on each side of the distractor in every degree of freedom. 248N forces were applied to the zone. Finally, the installation test on a cadaver was done in order to verify the surgical technique and its ergonomy. Results: A uniform distribution of strains was observed for all the mandibular-distractor system, guarantying its resistance and structural stability. Conclusions: The device is resistant to masticatory forces; it is easy to install and to activate and allows the reconstruction of wide range curved segments.

Osteomielitis hematógena de la rama íleo-isquiopubiana: a propósito de un caso / Hematogenous osteomyelitis of the ischiopubic ramus: a propos of a case

Se presenta el caso del paciente Y. P. T., del sexo femenino, raza mestiza, 11 años de edad, quien ingresa en la Sala de Misceláneas por traumatismo en la región glútea, diagnosticado inicialmente como una miositis de los aductores del muslo derecho. Según la evolución clínica, humoral y radiológica, desarrolla signos y síntomas de osteomielitis aguda de la rama íleo-isquiopubiana derecha, comprobada por velocidad de sedimentación globular acelerada y alteraciones radiológicas en esa zona, así como por la presencia de un cuadro febril intermitente. Se aplica tratamiento con penicilinas, quinolonas y betalactámicos. La paciente se encuentra en estos momentos en franca recuperación. Se significa la cooperación entre distintas disciplinas para la solución de los problemas de salud