Discovery of Benzodiazepine-Based Inhibitors of the E2 Enzyme UBCH10 from a Cell-Based p21 Degradation Screen.

p21Cip1 (p21) is a universal cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor that halts cell proliferation and tumor growth by multiple mechanisms. The expression of p21 is often downregulated in cancer cells as a result of the loss of function of transcriptional activators, such as p53, or the increased degradation rate of the protein. To identify small molecules that block the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of p21 as a future avenue for cancer drug discovery, we have screened a compound library using a cell-based reporter assay of p21 degradation. This led to the identification of a benzodiazepine series of molecules that induce the accumulation of p21 in cells. Using a chemical proteomic strategy, we identified the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBCH10 as a cellular target of this benzodiazepine series. We show that an optimized benzodiazepine analogue inhibits UBCH10 ubiquitin-conjugating activity and substrate proteolysis by the anaphase-promoting complex.

Diastereoselective Radical Hydrogen Transfer Reactions using N-Heterocyclic Carbene Boranes.

Reported herein are the first diastereoselective and Lewis acid-mediated radical reactions of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) boranes. We applied these reactions to the synthesis of four propionate diastereoisomers combining an aldol reaction, followed by a stereoselective radical-based reduction in which the NHC borane serves as the hydrogen donor, thus obviating the use of tin-based reagents. The 2,3-syn isomer is obtained by combining an NHC-borane and a Lewis acid (MgBr2·OEt2), while using a reverse polarity strategy provides the 2,3-anti isomer.

Diastereoselective Synthesis of C2'-Fluorinated Nucleoside Analogues Using an Acyclic Approach.

Nucleoside analogues bearing a fluorine in the C2'-position have been synthesized by SN2-like cyclizations of acyclic thioaminal precursors. This strategy provides access to two scaffolds, d-1',2'-cis-thiofuranosides and d-1',2'-trans-furanosides, which are difficult to generate using the standard approach for nucleoside synthesis. The addition of silylated nucleobases onto model C2-fluorinated dithioacetal substrates resulted in 1,2-syn diastereoselectivity, which is consistent with the C2-F and S-alkyl moiety being in close proximity. A new series of analogues bearing a C3' all-carbon quaternary center along with a C2'-F atom have also been synthesized using this approach and are being investigated as potential antimetabolites.

Dual-face nucleoside scaffold featuring a stereogenic all-carbon quaternary center. Intramolecular silicon tethered group-transfer reaction.

The design of a novel nucleoside scaffold that exhibits an all-carbon quaternary center is reported. This allows for both α- and ß-anomers of a given 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluoro nucleoside analog (NA) to have potential biological activity. Using an intramolecular atom-transfer reaction, an all-carbon quaternary center was obtained without the use of heavy metals and/or harsh conditions. The chemistry developed is efficient, easily scalable and leads to novel libraries of molecules.

Acyclic tethers mimicking subunits of polysaccharide ligands: selectin antagonists.

We report on the design and synthesis of molecules having E- and P-selectins blocking activity both in vitro and in vivo. The GlcNAc component of the selectin ligand sialyl Lewis(X) was replaced by an acyclic tether that links two saccharide units. The minimization of intramolecular dipole-dipole interactions and the gauche effect would be at the origin of the conformational bias imposed by this acyclic tether. The stereoselective synthesis of these molecules, their biochemical and biological evaluations using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (SPR), and in vivo assays are described. Because the structure of our analogues differs from the most potent E-selectin antagonists reported, our acyclic analogues offer new opportunities for chemical diversity.